2015 年真题

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

Text

In our contemporary culture,the prospect of communicating with– or even looking at–a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones,even without a $\underline{1}$ underground.

It’s a sad reality – our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings – because there’s $\underline{2}$ to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn’t know it, $\underline{3}$ into your phone.This universal armor sends the $\underline{4}$ :“Please don’t approach me.”

What is it that makes us feel we need to hide $\underline{5}$ our screens?

One answer is fear,according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be $\underline{6}$ as “creepy,".We fear we'11 be $\underline{7}$ .We fear we'11 be disruptive. Strangers are inherently $\underline{8}$ to us, so we are more likely to feel $\underline{9}$ when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances.To avoid this anxiety, we $\underline{10}$ to our phones. “Phones become our security blanket,“Wortmann says.“They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more $\underline{11}$ .”

But once we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn’t $\underline{12}$ so bad.In one 2011 experiment,behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a $\underline{13}$ .They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow $\underline{14}$ .“When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to $\underline{15}$ how they would feel after talking to a stranger,the commuters thought their $\underline{16}$ would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,” the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience,after they $\underline{17}$ with the experiment,“not a single person reported having been snubbed.

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

Text

In our contemporary culture,the prospect of communicating with– or even looking at–a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones,even without a $\underline{1}$ underground.

It’s a sad reality – our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings – because there’s $\underline{2}$ to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn’t know it, $\underline{3}$ into your phone.This universal armor sends the $\underline{4}$ :“Please don’t approach me.”

What is it that makes us feel we need to hide $\underline{5}$ our screens?

One answer is fear,according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be $\underline{6}$ as “creepy,".We fear we'11 be $\underline{7}$ .We fear we'11 be disruptive. Strangers are inherently $\underline{8}$ to us, so we are more likely to feel $\underline{9}$ when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances.To avoid this anxiety, we $\underline{10}$ to our phones. “Phones become our security blanket,“Wortmann says.“They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more $\underline{11}$ .”

But once we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn’t $\underline{12}$ so bad.In one 2011 experiment,behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a $\underline{13}$ .They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow $\underline{14}$ .“When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to $\underline{15}$ how they would feel after talking to a stranger,the commuters thought their $\underline{16}$ would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,” the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience,after they $\underline{17}$ with the experiment,“not a single person reported having been snubbed.

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

Text

In our contemporary culture,the prospect of communicating with– or even looking at–a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones,even without a $\underline{1}$ underground.

It’s a sad reality – our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings – because there’s $\underline{2}$ to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn’t know it, $\underline{3}$ into your phone.This universal armor sends the $\underline{4}$ :“Please don’t approach me.”

What is it that makes us feel we need to hide $\underline{5}$ our screens?

One answer is fear,according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be $\underline{6}$ as “creepy,".We fear we'11 be $\underline{7}$ .We fear we'11 be disruptive. Strangers are inherently $\underline{8}$ to us, so we are more likely to feel $\underline{9}$ when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances.To avoid this anxiety, we $\underline{10}$ to our phones. “Phones become our security blanket,“Wortmann says.“They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more $\underline{11}$ .”

But once we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn’t $\underline{12}$ so bad.In one 2011 experiment,behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a $\underline{13}$ .They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow $\underline{14}$ .“When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to $\underline{15}$ how they would feel after talking to a stranger,the commuters thought their $\underline{16}$ would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,” the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience,after they $\underline{17}$ with the experiment,“not a single person reported having been snubbed.

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

Text

In our contemporary culture,the prospect of communicating with– or even looking at–a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones,even without a $\underline{1}$ underground.

It’s a sad reality – our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings – because there’s $\underline{2}$ to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn’t know it, $\underline{3}$ into your phone.This universal armor sends the $\underline{4}$ :“Please don’t approach me.”

What is it that makes us feel we need to hide $\underline{5}$ our screens?

One answer is fear,according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be $\underline{6}$ as “creepy,".We fear we'11 be $\underline{7}$ .We fear we'11 be disruptive. Strangers are inherently $\underline{8}$ to us, so we are more likely to feel $\underline{9}$ when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances.To avoid this anxiety, we $\underline{10}$ to our phones. “Phones become our security blanket,“Wortmann says.“They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more $\underline{11}$ .”

But once we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn’t $\underline{12}$ so bad.In one 2011 experiment,behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a $\underline{13}$ .They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow $\underline{14}$ .“When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to $\underline{15}$ how they would feel after talking to a stranger,the commuters thought their $\underline{16}$ would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,” the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience,after they $\underline{17}$ with the experiment,“not a single person reported having been snubbed.

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

Text

In our contemporary culture,the prospect of communicating with– or even looking at–a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones,even without a $\underline{1}$ underground.

It’s a sad reality – our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings – because there’s $\underline{2}$ to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn’t know it, $\underline{3}$ into your phone.This universal armor sends the $\underline{4}$ :“Please don’t approach me.”

What is it that makes us feel we need to hide $\underline{5}$ our screens?

One answer is fear,according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be $\underline{6}$ as “creepy,".We fear we'11 be $\underline{7}$ .We fear we'11 be disruptive. Strangers are inherently $\underline{8}$ to us, so we are more likely to feel $\underline{9}$ when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances.To avoid this anxiety, we $\underline{10}$ to our phones. “Phones become our security blanket,“Wortmann says.“They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more $\underline{11}$ .”

But once we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn’t $\underline{12}$ so bad.In one 2011 experiment,behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a $\underline{13}$ .They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow $\underline{14}$ .“When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to $\underline{15}$ how they would feel after talking to a stranger,the commuters thought their $\underline{16}$ would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,” the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience,after they $\underline{17}$ with the experiment,“not a single person reported having been snubbed.

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

Text

In our contemporary culture,the prospect of communicating with– or even looking at–a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones,even without a $\underline{1}$ underground.

It’s a sad reality – our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings – because there’s $\underline{2}$ to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn’t know it, $\underline{3}$ into your phone.This universal armor sends the $\underline{4}$ :“Please don’t approach me.”

What is it that makes us feel we need to hide $\underline{5}$ our screens?

One answer is fear,according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be $\underline{6}$ as “creepy,".We fear we'11 be $\underline{7}$ .We fear we'11 be disruptive. Strangers are inherently $\underline{8}$ to us, so we are more likely to feel $\underline{9}$ when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances.To avoid this anxiety, we $\underline{10}$ to our phones. “Phones become our security blanket,“Wortmann says.“They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more $\underline{11}$ .”

But once we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn’t $\underline{12}$ so bad.In one 2011 experiment,behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a $\underline{13}$ .They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow $\underline{14}$ .“When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to $\underline{15}$ how they would feel after talking to a stranger,the commuters thought their $\underline{16}$ would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,” the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience,after they $\underline{17}$ with the experiment,“not a single person reported having been snubbed.

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

Text

In our contemporary culture,the prospect of communicating with– or even looking at–a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones,even without a $\underline{1}$ underground.

It’s a sad reality – our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings – because there’s $\underline{2}$ to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn’t know it, $\underline{3}$ into your phone.This universal armor sends the $\underline{4}$ :“Please don’t approach me.”

What is it that makes us feel we need to hide $\underline{5}$ our screens?

One answer is fear,according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be $\underline{6}$ as “creepy,".We fear we'11 be $\underline{7}$ .We fear we'11 be disruptive. Strangers are inherently $\underline{8}$ to us, so we are more likely to feel $\underline{9}$ when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances.To avoid this anxiety, we $\underline{10}$ to our phones. “Phones become our security blanket,“Wortmann says.“They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more $\underline{11}$ .”

But once we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn’t $\underline{12}$ so bad.In one 2011 experiment,behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a $\underline{13}$ .They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow $\underline{14}$ .“When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to $\underline{15}$ how they would feel after talking to a stranger,the commuters thought their $\underline{16}$ would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,” the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience,after they $\underline{17}$ with the experiment,“not a single person reported having been snubbed.

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

Text

In our contemporary culture,the prospect of communicating with– or even looking at–a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones,even without a $\underline{1}$ underground.

It’s a sad reality – our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings – because there’s $\underline{2}$ to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn’t know it, $\underline{3}$ into your phone.This universal armor sends the $\underline{4}$ :“Please don’t approach me.”

What is it that makes us feel we need to hide $\underline{5}$ our screens?

One answer is fear,according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be $\underline{6}$ as “creepy,".We fear we'11 be $\underline{7}$ .We fear we'11 be disruptive. Strangers are inherently $\underline{8}$ to us, so we are more likely to feel $\underline{9}$ when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances.To avoid this anxiety, we $\underline{10}$ to our phones. “Phones become our security blanket,“Wortmann says.“They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more $\underline{11}$ .”

But once we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn’t $\underline{12}$ so bad.In one 2011 experiment,behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a $\underline{13}$ .They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow $\underline{14}$ .“When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to $\underline{15}$ how they would feel after talking to a stranger,the commuters thought their $\underline{16}$ would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,” the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience,after they $\underline{17}$ with the experiment,“not a single person reported having been snubbed.

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

Text

In our contemporary culture,the prospect of communicating with– or even looking at–a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones,even without a $\underline{1}$ underground.

It’s a sad reality – our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings – because there’s $\underline{2}$ to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn’t know it, $\underline{3}$ into your phone.This universal armor sends the $\underline{4}$ :“Please don’t approach me.”

What is it that makes us feel we need to hide $\underline{5}$ our screens?

One answer is fear,according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be $\underline{6}$ as “creepy,".We fear we'11 be $\underline{7}$ .We fear we'11 be disruptive. Strangers are inherently $\underline{8}$ to us, so we are more likely to feel $\underline{9}$ when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances.To avoid this anxiety, we $\underline{10}$ to our phones. “Phones become our security blanket,“Wortmann says.“They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more $\underline{11}$ .”

But once we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn’t $\underline{12}$ so bad.In one 2011 experiment,behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a $\underline{13}$ .They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow $\underline{14}$ .“When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to $\underline{15}$ how they would feel after talking to a stranger,the commuters thought their $\underline{16}$ would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,” the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience,after they $\underline{17}$ with the experiment,“not a single person reported having been snubbed.

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

Text

In our contemporary culture,the prospect of communicating with– or even looking at–a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones,even without a $\underline{1}$ underground.

It’s a sad reality – our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings – because there’s $\underline{2}$ to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn’t know it, $\underline{3}$ into your phone.This universal armor sends the $\underline{4}$ :“Please don’t approach me.”

What is it that makes us feel we need to hide $\underline{5}$ our screens?

One answer is fear,according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be $\underline{6}$ as “creepy,".We fear we'11 be $\underline{7}$ .We fear we'11 be disruptive. Strangers are inherently $\underline{8}$ to us, so we are more likely to feel $\underline{9}$ when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances.To avoid this anxiety, we $\underline{10}$ to our phones. “Phones become our security blanket,“Wortmann says.“They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more $\underline{11}$ .”

But once we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn’t $\underline{12}$ so bad.In one 2011 experiment,behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a $\underline{13}$ .They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow $\underline{14}$ .“When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to $\underline{15}$ how they would feel after talking to a stranger,the commuters thought their $\underline{16}$ would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,” the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience,after they $\underline{17}$ with the experiment,“not a single person reported having been snubbed.

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

Text

In our contemporary culture,the prospect of communicating with– or even looking at–a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones,even without a $\underline{1}$ underground.

It’s a sad reality – our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings – because there’s $\underline{2}$ to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn’t know it, $\underline{3}$ into your phone.This universal armor sends the $\underline{4}$ :“Please don’t approach me.”

What is it that makes us feel we need to hide $\underline{5}$ our screens?

One answer is fear,according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be $\underline{6}$ as “creepy,".We fear we'11 be $\underline{7}$ .We fear we'11 be disruptive. Strangers are inherently $\underline{8}$ to us, so we are more likely to feel $\underline{9}$ when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances.To avoid this anxiety, we $\underline{10}$ to our phones. “Phones become our security blanket,“Wortmann says.“They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more $\underline{11}$ .”

But once we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn’t $\underline{12}$ so bad.In one 2011 experiment,behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a $\underline{13}$ .They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow $\underline{14}$ .“When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to $\underline{15}$ how they would feel after talking to a stranger,the commuters thought their $\underline{16}$ would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,” the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience,after they $\underline{17}$ with the experiment,“not a single person reported having been snubbed.

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

Text

In our contemporary culture,the prospect of communicating with– or even looking at–a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones,even without a $\underline{1}$ underground.

It’s a sad reality – our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings – because there’s $\underline{2}$ to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn’t know it, $\underline{3}$ into your phone.This universal armor sends the $\underline{4}$ :“Please don’t approach me.”

What is it that makes us feel we need to hide $\underline{5}$ our screens?

One answer is fear,according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be $\underline{6}$ as “creepy,".We fear we'11 be $\underline{7}$ .We fear we'11 be disruptive. Strangers are inherently $\underline{8}$ to us, so we are more likely to feel $\underline{9}$ when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances.To avoid this anxiety, we $\underline{10}$ to our phones. “Phones become our security blanket,“Wortmann says.“They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more $\underline{11}$ .”

But once we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn’t $\underline{12}$ so bad.In one 2011 experiment,behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a $\underline{13}$ .They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow $\underline{14}$ .“When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to $\underline{15}$ how they would feel after talking to a stranger,the commuters thought their $\underline{16}$ would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,” the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience,after they $\underline{17}$ with the experiment,“not a single person reported having been snubbed.

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

Text

In our contemporary culture,the prospect of communicating with– or even looking at–a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones,even without a $\underline{1}$ underground.

It’s a sad reality – our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings – because there’s $\underline{2}$ to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn’t know it, $\underline{3}$ into your phone.This universal armor sends the $\underline{4}$ :“Please don’t approach me.”

What is it that makes us feel we need to hide $\underline{5}$ our screens?

One answer is fear,according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be $\underline{6}$ as “creepy,".We fear we'11 be $\underline{7}$ .We fear we'11 be disruptive. Strangers are inherently $\underline{8}$ to us, so we are more likely to feel $\underline{9}$ when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances.To avoid this anxiety, we $\underline{10}$ to our phones. “Phones become our security blanket,“Wortmann says.“They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more $\underline{11}$ .”

But once we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn’t $\underline{12}$ so bad.In one 2011 experiment,behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a $\underline{13}$ .They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow $\underline{14}$ .“When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to $\underline{15}$ how they would feel after talking to a stranger,the commuters thought their $\underline{16}$ would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,” the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience,after they $\underline{17}$ with the experiment,“not a single person reported having been snubbed.

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

Text

In our contemporary culture,the prospect of communicating with– or even looking at–a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones,even without a $\underline{1}$ underground.

It’s a sad reality – our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings – because there’s $\underline{2}$ to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn’t know it, $\underline{3}$ into your phone.This universal armor sends the $\underline{4}$ :“Please don’t approach me.”

What is it that makes us feel we need to hide $\underline{5}$ our screens?

One answer is fear,according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be $\underline{6}$ as “creepy,".We fear we'11 be $\underline{7}$ .We fear we'11 be disruptive. Strangers are inherently $\underline{8}$ to us, so we are more likely to feel $\underline{9}$ when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances.To avoid this anxiety, we $\underline{10}$ to our phones. “Phones become our security blanket,“Wortmann says.“They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more $\underline{11}$ .”

But once we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn’t $\underline{12}$ so bad.In one 2011 experiment,behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a $\underline{13}$ .They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow $\underline{14}$ .“When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to $\underline{15}$ how they would feel after talking to a stranger,the commuters thought their $\underline{16}$ would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,” the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience,after they $\underline{17}$ with the experiment,“not a single person reported having been snubbed.

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

Text

In our contemporary culture,the prospect of communicating with– or even looking at–a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones,even without a $\underline{1}$ underground.

It’s a sad reality – our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings – because there’s $\underline{2}$ to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn’t know it, $\underline{3}$ into your phone.This universal armor sends the $\underline{4}$ :“Please don’t approach me.”

What is it that makes us feel we need to hide $\underline{5}$ our screens?

One answer is fear,according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be $\underline{6}$ as “creepy,".We fear we'11 be $\underline{7}$ .We fear we'11 be disruptive. Strangers are inherently $\underline{8}$ to us, so we are more likely to feel $\underline{9}$ when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances.To avoid this anxiety, we $\underline{10}$ to our phones. “Phones become our security blanket,“Wortmann says.“They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more $\underline{11}$ .”

But once we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn’t $\underline{12}$ so bad.In one 2011 experiment,behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a $\underline{13}$ .They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow $\underline{14}$ .“When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to $\underline{15}$ how they would feel after talking to a stranger,the commuters thought their $\underline{16}$ would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,” the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience,after they $\underline{17}$ with the experiment,“not a single person reported having been snubbed.

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

Text

In our contemporary culture,the prospect of communicating with– or even looking at–a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones,even without a $\underline{1}$ underground.

It’s a sad reality – our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings – because there’s $\underline{2}$ to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn’t know it, $\underline{3}$ into your phone.This universal armor sends the $\underline{4}$ :“Please don’t approach me.”

What is it that makes us feel we need to hide $\underline{5}$ our screens?

One answer is fear,according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be $\underline{6}$ as “creepy,".We fear we'11 be $\underline{7}$ .We fear we'11 be disruptive. Strangers are inherently $\underline{8}$ to us, so we are more likely to feel $\underline{9}$ when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances.To avoid this anxiety, we $\underline{10}$ to our phones. “Phones become our security blanket,“Wortmann says.“They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more $\underline{11}$ .”

But once we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn’t $\underline{12}$ so bad.In one 2011 experiment,behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a $\underline{13}$ .They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow $\underline{14}$ .“When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to $\underline{15}$ how they would feel after talking to a stranger,the commuters thought their $\underline{16}$ would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,” the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience,after they $\underline{17}$ with the experiment,“not a single person reported having been snubbed.

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

Text

In our contemporary culture,the prospect of communicating with– or even looking at–a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones,even without a $\underline{1}$ underground.

It’s a sad reality – our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings – because there’s $\underline{2}$ to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn’t know it, $\underline{3}$ into your phone.This universal armor sends the $\underline{4}$ :“Please don’t approach me.”

What is it that makes us feel we need to hide $\underline{5}$ our screens?

One answer is fear,according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be $\underline{6}$ as “creepy,".We fear we'11 be $\underline{7}$ .We fear we'11 be disruptive. Strangers are inherently $\underline{8}$ to us, so we are more likely to feel $\underline{9}$ when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances.To avoid this anxiety, we $\underline{10}$ to our phones. “Phones become our security blanket,“Wortmann says.“They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more $\underline{11}$ .”

But once we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn’t $\underline{12}$ so bad.In one 2011 experiment,behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a $\underline{13}$ .They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow $\underline{14}$ .“When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to $\underline{15}$ how they would feel after talking to a stranger,the commuters thought their $\underline{16}$ would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,” the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience,after they $\underline{17}$ with the experiment,“not a single person reported having been snubbed.

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

Text

In our contemporary culture,the prospect of communicating with– or even looking at–a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones,even without a $\underline{1}$ underground.

It’s a sad reality – our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings – because there’s $\underline{2}$ to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn’t know it, $\underline{3}$ into your phone.This universal armor sends the $\underline{4}$ :“Please don’t approach me.”

What is it that makes us feel we need to hide $\underline{5}$ our screens?

One answer is fear,according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be $\underline{6}$ as “creepy,".We fear we'11 be $\underline{7}$ .We fear we'11 be disruptive. Strangers are inherently $\underline{8}$ to us, so we are more likely to feel $\underline{9}$ when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances.To avoid this anxiety, we $\underline{10}$ to our phones. “Phones become our security blanket,“Wortmann says.“They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more $\underline{11}$ .”

But once we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn’t $\underline{12}$ so bad.In one 2011 experiment,behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a $\underline{13}$ .They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow $\underline{14}$ .“When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to $\underline{15}$ how they would feel after talking to a stranger,the commuters thought their $\underline{16}$ would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,” the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience,after they $\underline{17}$ with the experiment,“not a single person reported having been snubbed.

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

Text

In our contemporary culture,the prospect of communicating with– or even looking at–a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones,even without a $\underline{1}$ underground.

It’s a sad reality – our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings – because there’s $\underline{2}$ to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn’t know it, $\underline{3}$ into your phone.This universal armor sends the $\underline{4}$ :“Please don’t approach me.”

What is it that makes us feel we need to hide $\underline{5}$ our screens?

One answer is fear,according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be $\underline{6}$ as “creepy,".We fear we'11 be $\underline{7}$ .We fear we'11 be disruptive. Strangers are inherently $\underline{8}$ to us, so we are more likely to feel $\underline{9}$ when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances.To avoid this anxiety, we $\underline{10}$ to our phones. “Phones become our security blanket,“Wortmann says.“They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more $\underline{11}$ .”

But once we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn’t $\underline{12}$ so bad.In one 2011 experiment,behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a $\underline{13}$ .They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow $\underline{14}$ .“When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to $\underline{15}$ how they would feel after talking to a stranger,the commuters thought their $\underline{16}$ would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,” the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience,after they $\underline{17}$ with the experiment,“not a single person reported having been snubbed.

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

Text

In our contemporary culture,the prospect of communicating with– or even looking at–a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones,even without a $\underline{1}$ underground.

It’s a sad reality – our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings – because there’s $\underline{2}$ to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn’t know it, $\underline{3}$ into your phone.This universal armor sends the $\underline{4}$ :“Please don’t approach me.”

What is it that makes us feel we need to hide $\underline{5}$ our screens?

One answer is fear,according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be $\underline{6}$ as “creepy,".We fear we'11 be $\underline{7}$ .We fear we'11 be disruptive. Strangers are inherently $\underline{8}$ to us, so we are more likely to feel $\underline{9}$ when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances.To avoid this anxiety, we $\underline{10}$ to our phones. “Phones become our security blanket,“Wortmann says.“They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more $\underline{11}$ .”

But once we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn’t $\underline{12}$ so bad.In one 2011 experiment,behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a $\underline{13}$ .They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow $\underline{14}$ .“When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to $\underline{15}$ how they would feel after talking to a stranger,the commuters thought their $\underline{16}$ would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,” the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience,after they $\underline{17}$ with the experiment,“not a single person reported having been snubbed.

阅读理解

Part A

Directions

Read the following four texts, Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

Text1

A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at hom than at work.Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker,while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.

“Further contradicting conventional wisdom,we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske.In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes.“It is men,not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without,but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.

What the study doesn’ t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’ re at home, whe ther it is household work or work brought home from the office.For many men,the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace a making ad justments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.

But it’s not just a gender thing. At work,people pretty much know what they’ re supposed to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.

On the home front,however,people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it,or if they’ re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’ re your family. You cannot fire your family.You never really get to go home from home.

So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.

According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home

阅读理解

Part A

Directions

Read the following four texts, Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

Text1

A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at hom than at work.Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker,while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.

“Further contradicting conventional wisdom,we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske.In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes.“It is men,not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without,but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.

What the study doesn’ t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’ re at home, whe ther it is household work or work brought home from the office.For many men,the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace a making ad justments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.

But it’s not just a gender thing. At work,people pretty much know what they’ re supposed to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.

On the home front,however,people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it,or if they’ re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’ re your family. You cannot fire your family.You never really get to go home from home.

So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.

According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home

According to Damaske,who are likely to be the happiest at home?

阅读理解

Part A

Directions

Read the following four texts, Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

Text1

A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at hom than at work.Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker,while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.

“Further contradicting conventional wisdom,we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske.In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes.“It is men,not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without,but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.

What the study doesn’ t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’ re at home, whe ther it is household work or work brought home from the office.For many men,the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace a making ad justments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.

But it’s not just a gender thing. At work,people pretty much know what they’ re supposed to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.

On the home front,however,people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it,or if they’ re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’ re your family. You cannot fire your family.You never really get to go home from home.

So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.

According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home

According to Damaske,who are likely to be the happiest at home?

The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact that

阅读理解

Part A

Directions

Read the following four texts, Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

Text1

A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at hom than at work.Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker,while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.

“Further contradicting conventional wisdom,we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske.In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes.“It is men,not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without,but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.

What the study doesn’ t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’ re at home, whe ther it is household work or work brought home from the office.For many men,the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace a making ad justments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.

But it’s not just a gender thing. At work,people pretty much know what they’ re supposed to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.

On the home front,however,people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it,or if they’ re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’ re your family. You cannot fire your family.You never really get to go home from home.

So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.

According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home

According to Damaske,who are likely to be the happiest at home?

The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact that

The word “moola”(Line4, Para4) most probably means

阅读理解

Part A

Directions

Read the following four texts, Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

Text1

A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at hom than at work.Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker,while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.

“Further contradicting conventional wisdom,we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske.In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes.“It is men,not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without,but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.

What the study doesn’ t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’ re at home, whe ther it is household work or work brought home from the office.For many men,the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace a making ad justments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.

But it’s not just a gender thing. At work,people pretty much know what they’ re supposed to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.

On the home front,however,people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it,or if they’ re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’ re your family. You cannot fire your family.You never really get to go home from home.

So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.

According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home

According to Damaske,who are likely to be the happiest at home?

The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact that

The word “moola”(Line4, Para4) most probably means

The home front differs from the workplace in that

阅读理解

Part A

Directions

Read the following four texts, Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

Text1

A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at hom than at work.Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker,while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.

“Further contradicting conventional wisdom,we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske.In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes.“It is men,not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without,but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.

What the study doesn’ t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’ re at home, whe ther it is household work or work brought home from the office.For many men,the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace a making ad justments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.

But it’s not just a gender thing. At work,people pretty much know what they’ re supposed to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.

On the home front,however,people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it,or if they’ re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’ re your family. You cannot fire your family.You never really get to go home from home.

So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.

According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home

According to Damaske,who are likely to be the happiest at home?

The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact that

The word “moola”(Line4, Para4) most probably means

The home front differs from the workplace in that

Text2

For years,studies have found that first-generation college students- those who do not have a parent with a college degree- lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created"a paradox” in that recruiting firstgeneration students,but then watching many of them fail,means that higher education has " continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close"ab achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.

But the article is actually quite optimistic,as it outlines a potential solution to this problem,suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour,next-tono-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.

The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the pro,ject)at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants,a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree.

Their thesis- that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact- was based or the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.

Many first- generation students"struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’educational experience, many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students’ like them can improve.

Recruiting more first- generation students has

阅读理解

Part A

Directions

Read the following four texts, Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

Text1

A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at hom than at work.Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker,while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.

“Further contradicting conventional wisdom,we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske.In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes.“It is men,not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without,but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.

What the study doesn’ t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’ re at home, whe ther it is household work or work brought home from the office.For many men,the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace a making ad justments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.

But it’s not just a gender thing. At work,people pretty much know what they’ re supposed to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.

On the home front,however,people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it,or if they’ re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’ re your family. You cannot fire your family.You never really get to go home from home.

So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.

According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home

According to Damaske,who are likely to be the happiest at home?

The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact that

The word “moola”(Line4, Para4) most probably means

The home front differs from the workplace in that

Text2

For years,studies have found that first-generation college students- those who do not have a parent with a college degree- lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created"a paradox” in that recruiting firstgeneration students,but then watching many of them fail,means that higher education has " continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close"ab achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.

But the article is actually quite optimistic,as it outlines a potential solution to this problem,suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour,next-tono-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.

The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the pro,ject)at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants,a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree.

Their thesis- that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact- was based or the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.

Many first- generation students"struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’educational experience, many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students’ like them can improve.

Recruiting more first- generation students has

The author of the research article are optimistic because

阅读理解

Part A

Directions

Read the following four texts, Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

Text1

A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at hom than at work.Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker,while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.

“Further contradicting conventional wisdom,we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske.In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes.“It is men,not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without,but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.

What the study doesn’ t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’ re at home, whe ther it is household work or work brought home from the office.For many men,the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace a making ad justments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.

But it’s not just a gender thing. At work,people pretty much know what they’ re supposed to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.

On the home front,however,people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it,or if they’ re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’ re your family. You cannot fire your family.You never really get to go home from home.

So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.

According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home

According to Damaske,who are likely to be the happiest at home?

The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact that

The word “moola”(Line4, Para4) most probably means

The home front differs from the workplace in that

Text2

For years,studies have found that first-generation college students- those who do not have a parent with a college degree- lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created"a paradox” in that recruiting firstgeneration students,but then watching many of them fail,means that higher education has " continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close"ab achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.

But the article is actually quite optimistic,as it outlines a potential solution to this problem,suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour,next-tono-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.

The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the pro,ject)at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants,a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree.

Their thesis- that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact- was based or the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.

Many first- generation students"struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’educational experience, many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students’ like them can improve.

Recruiting more first- generation students has

The author of the research article are optimistic because

The study suggests that most first- generation students

阅读理解

Part A

Directions

Read the following four texts, Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

Text1

A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at hom than at work.Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker,while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.

“Further contradicting conventional wisdom,we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske.In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes.“It is men,not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without,but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.

What the study doesn’ t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’ re at home, whe ther it is household work or work brought home from the office.For many men,the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace a making ad justments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.

But it’s not just a gender thing. At work,people pretty much know what they’ re supposed to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.

On the home front,however,people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it,or if they’ re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’ re your family. You cannot fire your family.You never really get to go home from home.

So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.

According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home

According to Damaske,who are likely to be the happiest at home?

The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact that

The word “moola”(Line4, Para4) most probably means

The home front differs from the workplace in that

Text2

For years,studies have found that first-generation college students- those who do not have a parent with a college degree- lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created"a paradox” in that recruiting firstgeneration students,but then watching many of them fail,means that higher education has " continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close"ab achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.

But the article is actually quite optimistic,as it outlines a potential solution to this problem,suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour,next-tono-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.

The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the pro,ject)at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants,a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree.

Their thesis- that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact- was based or the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.

Many first- generation students"struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’educational experience, many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students’ like them can improve.

Recruiting more first- generation students has

The author of the research article are optimistic because

The study suggests that most first- generation students

The author of the paper believe that first-generation students

阅读理解

Part A

Directions

Read the following four texts, Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

Text1

A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at hom than at work.Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker,while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.

“Further contradicting conventional wisdom,we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske.In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes.“It is men,not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without,but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.

What the study doesn’ t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’ re at home, whe ther it is household work or work brought home from the office.For many men,the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace a making ad justments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.

But it’s not just a gender thing. At work,people pretty much know what they’ re supposed to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.

On the home front,however,people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it,or if they’ re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’ re your family. You cannot fire your family.You never really get to go home from home.

So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.

According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home

According to Damaske,who are likely to be the happiest at home?

The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact that

The word “moola”(Line4, Para4) most probably means

The home front differs from the workplace in that

Text2

For years,studies have found that first-generation college students- those who do not have a parent with a college degree- lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created"a paradox” in that recruiting firstgeneration students,but then watching many of them fail,means that higher education has " continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close"ab achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.

But the article is actually quite optimistic,as it outlines a potential solution to this problem,suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour,next-tono-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.

The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the pro,ject)at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants,a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree.

Their thesis- that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact- was based or the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.

Many first- generation students"struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’educational experience, many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students’ like them can improve.

Recruiting more first- generation students has

The author of the research article are optimistic because

The study suggests that most first- generation students

The author of the paper believe that first-generation students

We may infer from the last paragraph that

阅读理解

Part A

Directions

Read the following four texts, Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

Text1

A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at hom than at work.Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker,while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.

“Further contradicting conventional wisdom,we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske.In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes.“It is men,not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without,but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.

What the study doesn’ t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’ re at home, whe ther it is household work or work brought home from the office.For many men,the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace a making ad justments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.

But it’s not just a gender thing. At work,people pretty much know what they’ re supposed to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.

On the home front,however,people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it,or if they’ re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’ re your family. You cannot fire your family.You never really get to go home from home.

So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.

According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home

According to Damaske,who are likely to be the happiest at home?

The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact that

The word “moola”(Line4, Para4) most probably means

The home front differs from the workplace in that

Text2

For years,studies have found that first-generation college students- those who do not have a parent with a college degree- lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created"a paradox” in that recruiting firstgeneration students,but then watching many of them fail,means that higher education has " continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close"ab achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.

But the article is actually quite optimistic,as it outlines a potential solution to this problem,suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour,next-tono-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.

The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the pro,ject)at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants,a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree.

Their thesis- that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact- was based or the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.

Many first- generation students"struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’educational experience, many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students’ like them can improve.

Recruiting more first- generation students has

The author of the research article are optimistic because

The study suggests that most first- generation students

The author of the paper believe that first-generation students

We may infer from the last paragraph that

Text3

There is no question that the speech of the American office is changing. One lingual expert称之为"the lingua franca of corporate America” is what has come to be called “office speak”.

Consider the phrases: “Let’s touch base,” “Let’s circle back,” “Let’s take it offline,” “No brainer,” “Thought shower,” “Bottom line,” “At the end of the day.” These terms are now commonly used in the workplace, and they are often used by both managers and subordinates.

In a recent paper, Professor Nancy Koehn of Harvard Business School noted that the language of corporate America has become more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago. “You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion,and purpose,“said Khurana.

This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance.The” mommy wars"of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like Shery 1 Sandberg’ s Lean In,whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug,offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your " passion,“you'11 be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.

But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it,but managers love it,companies depend on it,and regular people willingly absorb it.As Nunberg said,“You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.“In a workplace that’ s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work-and how your work defines who you are.

According to Naney Koehn,office language has become

阅读理解

Part A

Directions

Read the following four texts, Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

Text1

A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at hom than at work.Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker,while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.

“Further contradicting conventional wisdom,we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske.In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes.“It is men,not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without,but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.

What the study doesn’ t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’ re at home, whe ther it is household work or work brought home from the office.For many men,the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace a making ad justments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.

But it’s not just a gender thing. At work,people pretty much know what they’ re supposed to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.

On the home front,however,people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it,or if they’ re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’ re your family. You cannot fire your family.You never really get to go home from home.

So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.

According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home

According to Damaske,who are likely to be the happiest at home?

The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact that

The word “moola”(Line4, Para4) most probably means

The home front differs from the workplace in that

Text2

For years,studies have found that first-generation college students- those who do not have a parent with a college degree- lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created"a paradox” in that recruiting firstgeneration students,but then watching many of them fail,means that higher education has " continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close"ab achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.

But the article is actually quite optimistic,as it outlines a potential solution to this problem,suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour,next-tono-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.

The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the pro,ject)at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants,a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree.

Their thesis- that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact- was based or the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.

Many first- generation students"struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’educational experience, many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students’ like them can improve.

Recruiting more first- generation students has

The author of the research article are optimistic because

The study suggests that most first- generation students

The author of the paper believe that first-generation students

We may infer from the last paragraph that

Text3

There is no question that the speech of the American office is changing. One lingual expert称之为"the lingua franca of corporate America” is what has come to be called “office speak”.

Consider the phrases: “Let’s touch base,” “Let’s circle back,” “Let’s take it offline,” “No brainer,” “Thought shower,” “Bottom line,” “At the end of the day.” These terms are now commonly used in the workplace, and they are often used by both managers and subordinates.

In a recent paper, Professor Nancy Koehn of Harvard Business School noted that the language of corporate America has become more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago. “You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion,and purpose,“said Khurana.

This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance.The” mommy wars"of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like Shery 1 Sandberg’ s Lean In,whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug,offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your " passion,“you'11 be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.

But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it,but managers love it,companies depend on it,and regular people willingly absorb it.As Nunberg said,“You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.“In a workplace that’ s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work-and how your work defines who you are.

According to Naney Koehn,office language has become

“Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to.

阅读理解

Part A

Directions

Read the following four texts, Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

Text1

A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at hom than at work.Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker,while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.

“Further contradicting conventional wisdom,we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske.In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes.“It is men,not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without,but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.

What the study doesn’ t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’ re at home, whe ther it is household work or work brought home from the office.For many men,the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace a making ad justments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.

But it’s not just a gender thing. At work,people pretty much know what they’ re supposed to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.

On the home front,however,people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it,or if they’ re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’ re your family. You cannot fire your family.You never really get to go home from home.

So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.

According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home

According to Damaske,who are likely to be the happiest at home?

The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact that

The word “moola”(Line4, Para4) most probably means

The home front differs from the workplace in that

Text2

For years,studies have found that first-generation college students- those who do not have a parent with a college degree- lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created"a paradox” in that recruiting firstgeneration students,but then watching many of them fail,means that higher education has " continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close"ab achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.

But the article is actually quite optimistic,as it outlines a potential solution to this problem,suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour,next-tono-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.

The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the pro,ject)at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants,a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree.

Their thesis- that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact- was based or the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.

Many first- generation students"struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’educational experience, many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students’ like them can improve.

Recruiting more first- generation students has

The author of the research article are optimistic because

The study suggests that most first- generation students

The author of the paper believe that first-generation students

We may infer from the last paragraph that

Text3

There is no question that the speech of the American office is changing. One lingual expert称之为"the lingua franca of corporate America” is what has come to be called “office speak”.

Consider the phrases: “Let’s touch base,” “Let’s circle back,” “Let’s take it offline,” “No brainer,” “Thought shower,” “Bottom line,” “At the end of the day.” These terms are now commonly used in the workplace, and they are often used by both managers and subordinates.

In a recent paper, Professor Nancy Koehn of Harvard Business School noted that the language of corporate America has become more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago. “You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion,and purpose,“said Khurana.

This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance.The” mommy wars"of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like Shery 1 Sandberg’ s Lean In,whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug,offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your " passion,“you'11 be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.

But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it,but managers love it,companies depend on it,and regular people willingly absorb it.As Nunberg said,“You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.“In a workplace that’ s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work-and how your work defines who you are.

According to Naney Koehn,office language has become

“Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to.

Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to

阅读理解

Part A

Directions

Read the following four texts, Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

Text1

A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at hom than at work.Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker,while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.

“Further contradicting conventional wisdom,we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske.In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes.“It is men,not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without,but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.

What the study doesn’ t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’ re at home, whe ther it is household work or work brought home from the office.For many men,the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace a making ad justments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.

But it’s not just a gender thing. At work,people pretty much know what they’ re supposed to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.

On the home front,however,people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it,or if they’ re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’ re your family. You cannot fire your family.You never really get to go home from home.

So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.

According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home

According to Damaske,who are likely to be the happiest at home?

The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact that

The word “moola”(Line4, Para4) most probably means

The home front differs from the workplace in that

Text2

For years,studies have found that first-generation college students- those who do not have a parent with a college degree- lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created"a paradox” in that recruiting firstgeneration students,but then watching many of them fail,means that higher education has " continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close"ab achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.

But the article is actually quite optimistic,as it outlines a potential solution to this problem,suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour,next-tono-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.

The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the pro,ject)at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants,a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree.

Their thesis- that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact- was based or the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.

Many first- generation students"struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’educational experience, many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students’ like them can improve.

Recruiting more first- generation students has

The author of the research article are optimistic because

The study suggests that most first- generation students

The author of the paper believe that first-generation students

We may infer from the last paragraph that

Text3

There is no question that the speech of the American office is changing. One lingual expert称之为"the lingua franca of corporate America” is what has come to be called “office speak”.

Consider the phrases: “Let’s touch base,” “Let’s circle back,” “Let’s take it offline,” “No brainer,” “Thought shower,” “Bottom line,” “At the end of the day.” These terms are now commonly used in the workplace, and they are often used by both managers and subordinates.

In a recent paper, Professor Nancy Koehn of Harvard Business School noted that the language of corporate America has become more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago. “You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion,and purpose,“said Khurana.

This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance.The” mommy wars"of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like Shery 1 Sandberg’ s Lean In,whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug,offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your " passion,“you'11 be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.

But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it,but managers love it,companies depend on it,and regular people willingly absorb it.As Nunberg said,“You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.“In a workplace that’ s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work-and how your work defines who you are.

According to Naney Koehn,office language has become

“Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to.

Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to

It can be inferred that Lean In

阅读理解

Part A

Directions

Read the following four texts, Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

Text1

A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at hom than at work.Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker,while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.

“Further contradicting conventional wisdom,we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske.In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes.“It is men,not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without,but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.

What the study doesn’ t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’ re at home, whe ther it is household work or work brought home from the office.For many men,the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace a making ad justments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.

But it’s not just a gender thing. At work,people pretty much know what they’ re supposed to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.

On the home front,however,people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it,or if they’ re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’ re your family. You cannot fire your family.You never really get to go home from home.

So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.

According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home

According to Damaske,who are likely to be the happiest at home?

The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact that

The word “moola”(Line4, Para4) most probably means

The home front differs from the workplace in that

Text2

For years,studies have found that first-generation college students- those who do not have a parent with a college degree- lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created"a paradox” in that recruiting firstgeneration students,but then watching many of them fail,means that higher education has " continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close"ab achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.

But the article is actually quite optimistic,as it outlines a potential solution to this problem,suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour,next-tono-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.

The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the pro,ject)at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants,a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree.

Their thesis- that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact- was based or the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.

Many first- generation students"struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’educational experience, many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students’ like them can improve.

Recruiting more first- generation students has

The author of the research article are optimistic because

The study suggests that most first- generation students

The author of the paper believe that first-generation students

We may infer from the last paragraph that

Text3

There is no question that the speech of the American office is changing. One lingual expert称之为"the lingua franca of corporate America” is what has come to be called “office speak”.

Consider the phrases: “Let’s touch base,” “Let’s circle back,” “Let’s take it offline,” “No brainer,” “Thought shower,” “Bottom line,” “At the end of the day.” These terms are now commonly used in the workplace, and they are often used by both managers and subordinates.

In a recent paper, Professor Nancy Koehn of Harvard Business School noted that the language of corporate America has become more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago. “You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion,and purpose,“said Khurana.

This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance.The” mommy wars"of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like Shery 1 Sandberg’ s Lean In,whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug,offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your " passion,“you'11 be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.

But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it,but managers love it,companies depend on it,and regular people willingly absorb it.As Nunberg said,“You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.“In a workplace that’ s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work-and how your work defines who you are.

According to Naney Koehn,office language has become

“Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to.

Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to

It can be inferred that Lean In

Which of the following statements is true about office speak?

阅读理解

Part A

Directions

Read the following four texts, Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

Text1

A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at hom than at work.Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker,while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.

“Further contradicting conventional wisdom,we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske.In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes.“It is men,not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without,but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.

What the study doesn’ t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’ re at home, whe ther it is household work or work brought home from the office.For many men,the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace a making ad justments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.

But it’s not just a gender thing. At work,people pretty much know what they’ re supposed to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.

On the home front,however,people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it,or if they’ re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’ re your family. You cannot fire your family.You never really get to go home from home.

So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.

According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home

According to Damaske,who are likely to be the happiest at home?

The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact that

The word “moola”(Line4, Para4) most probably means

The home front differs from the workplace in that

Text2

For years,studies have found that first-generation college students- those who do not have a parent with a college degree- lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created"a paradox” in that recruiting firstgeneration students,but then watching many of them fail,means that higher education has " continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close"ab achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.

But the article is actually quite optimistic,as it outlines a potential solution to this problem,suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour,next-tono-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.

The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the pro,ject)at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants,a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree.

Their thesis- that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact- was based or the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.

Many first- generation students"struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’educational experience, many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students’ like them can improve.

Recruiting more first- generation students has

The author of the research article are optimistic because

The study suggests that most first- generation students

The author of the paper believe that first-generation students

We may infer from the last paragraph that

Text3

There is no question that the speech of the American office is changing. One lingual expert称之为"the lingua franca of corporate America” is what has come to be called “office speak”.

Consider the phrases: “Let’s touch base,” “Let’s circle back,” “Let’s take it offline,” “No brainer,” “Thought shower,” “Bottom line,” “At the end of the day.” These terms are now commonly used in the workplace, and they are often used by both managers and subordinates.

In a recent paper, Professor Nancy Koehn of Harvard Business School noted that the language of corporate America has become more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago. “You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion,and purpose,“said Khurana.

This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance.The” mommy wars"of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like Shery 1 Sandberg’ s Lean In,whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug,offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your " passion,“you'11 be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.

But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it,but managers love it,companies depend on it,and regular people willingly absorb it.As Nunberg said,“You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.“In a workplace that’ s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work-and how your work defines who you are.

According to Naney Koehn,office language has become

“Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to.

Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to

It can be inferred that Lean In

Which of the following statements is true about office speak?

Text4

Many people talked of the 288, 000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June,along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent,as good news.And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment,but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.

However,there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who repot voluntarily working part-time.This figure is now 830, 000(4.4 percent)above its year ago level.

Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs.They take part-time work because this is all they can get.An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.

There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down.Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession,but it is down by 640,000(7.9percent)from is year ago level.

We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us.The survey used by the Labor Department asks people is they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week.If the answer is” yes”,they are classified as worked less than 35hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice.They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.

The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people,especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.

However, Obamacare has alowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families.With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.

Which part of the jobs picture are neglected?

阅读理解

Part A

Directions

Read the following four texts, Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

Text1

A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at hom than at work.Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker,while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.

“Further contradicting conventional wisdom,we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske.In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes.“It is men,not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without,but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.

What the study doesn’ t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’ re at home, whe ther it is household work or work brought home from the office.For many men,the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace a making ad justments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.

But it’s not just a gender thing. At work,people pretty much know what they’ re supposed to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.

On the home front,however,people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it,or if they’ re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’ re your family. You cannot fire your family.You never really get to go home from home.

So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.

According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home

According to Damaske,who are likely to be the happiest at home?

The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact that

The word “moola”(Line4, Para4) most probably means

The home front differs from the workplace in that

Text2

For years,studies have found that first-generation college students- those who do not have a parent with a college degree- lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created"a paradox” in that recruiting firstgeneration students,but then watching many of them fail,means that higher education has " continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close"ab achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.

But the article is actually quite optimistic,as it outlines a potential solution to this problem,suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour,next-tono-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.

The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the pro,ject)at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants,a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree.

Their thesis- that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact- was based or the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.

Many first- generation students"struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’educational experience, many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students’ like them can improve.

Recruiting more first- generation students has

The author of the research article are optimistic because

The study suggests that most first- generation students

The author of the paper believe that first-generation students

We may infer from the last paragraph that

Text3

There is no question that the speech of the American office is changing. One lingual expert称之为"the lingua franca of corporate America” is what has come to be called “office speak”.

Consider the phrases: “Let’s touch base,” “Let’s circle back,” “Let’s take it offline,” “No brainer,” “Thought shower,” “Bottom line,” “At the end of the day.” These terms are now commonly used in the workplace, and they are often used by both managers and subordinates.

In a recent paper, Professor Nancy Koehn of Harvard Business School noted that the language of corporate America has become more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago. “You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion,and purpose,“said Khurana.

This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance.The” mommy wars"of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like Shery 1 Sandberg’ s Lean In,whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug,offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your " passion,“you'11 be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.

But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it,but managers love it,companies depend on it,and regular people willingly absorb it.As Nunberg said,“You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.“In a workplace that’ s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work-and how your work defines who you are.

According to Naney Koehn,office language has become

“Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to.

Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to

It can be inferred that Lean In

Which of the following statements is true about office speak?

Text4

Many people talked of the 288, 000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June,along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent,as good news.And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment,but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.

However,there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who repot voluntarily working part-time.This figure is now 830, 000(4.4 percent)above its year ago level.

Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs.They take part-time work because this is all they can get.An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.

There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down.Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession,but it is down by 640,000(7.9percent)from is year ago level.

We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us.The survey used by the Labor Department asks people is they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week.If the answer is” yes”,they are classified as worked less than 35hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice.They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.

The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people,especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.

However, Obamacare has alowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families.With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.

Which part of the jobs picture are neglected?

Many people work part-time because they.

阅读理解

Part A

Directions

Read the following four texts, Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

Text1

A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at hom than at work.Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker,while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.

“Further contradicting conventional wisdom,we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske.In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes.“It is men,not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without,but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.

What the study doesn’ t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’ re at home, whe ther it is household work or work brought home from the office.For many men,the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace a making ad justments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.

But it’s not just a gender thing. At work,people pretty much know what they’ re supposed to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.

On the home front,however,people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it,or if they’ re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’ re your family. You cannot fire your family.You never really get to go home from home.

So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.

According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home

According to Damaske,who are likely to be the happiest at home?

The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact that

The word “moola”(Line4, Para4) most probably means

The home front differs from the workplace in that

Text2

For years,studies have found that first-generation college students- those who do not have a parent with a college degree- lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created"a paradox” in that recruiting firstgeneration students,but then watching many of them fail,means that higher education has " continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close"ab achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.

But the article is actually quite optimistic,as it outlines a potential solution to this problem,suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour,next-tono-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.

The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the pro,ject)at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants,a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree.

Their thesis- that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact- was based or the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.

Many first- generation students"struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’educational experience, many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students’ like them can improve.

Recruiting more first- generation students has

The author of the research article are optimistic because

The study suggests that most first- generation students

The author of the paper believe that first-generation students

We may infer from the last paragraph that

Text3

There is no question that the speech of the American office is changing. One lingual expert称之为"the lingua franca of corporate America” is what has come to be called “office speak”.

Consider the phrases: “Let’s touch base,” “Let’s circle back,” “Let’s take it offline,” “No brainer,” “Thought shower,” “Bottom line,” “At the end of the day.” These terms are now commonly used in the workplace, and they are often used by both managers and subordinates.

In a recent paper, Professor Nancy Koehn of Harvard Business School noted that the language of corporate America has become more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago. “You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion,and purpose,“said Khurana.

This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance.The” mommy wars"of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like Shery 1 Sandberg’ s Lean In,whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug,offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your " passion,“you'11 be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.

But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it,but managers love it,companies depend on it,and regular people willingly absorb it.As Nunberg said,“You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.“In a workplace that’ s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work-and how your work defines who you are.

According to Naney Koehn,office language has become

“Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to.

Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to

It can be inferred that Lean In

Which of the following statements is true about office speak?

Text4

Many people talked of the 288, 000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June,along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent,as good news.And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment,but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.

However,there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who repot voluntarily working part-time.This figure is now 830, 000(4.4 percent)above its year ago level.

Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs.They take part-time work because this is all they can get.An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.

There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down.Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession,but it is down by 640,000(7.9percent)from is year ago level.

We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us.The survey used by the Labor Department asks people is they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week.If the answer is” yes”,they are classified as worked less than 35hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice.They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.

The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people,especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.

However, Obamacare has alowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families.With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.

Which part of the jobs picture are neglected?

Many people work part-time because they.

Involuntary part-time employment is the US

阅读理解

Part A

Directions

Read the following four texts, Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

Text1

A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at hom than at work.Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker,while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.

“Further contradicting conventional wisdom,we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske.In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes.“It is men,not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without,but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.

What the study doesn’ t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’ re at home, whe ther it is household work or work brought home from the office.For many men,the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace a making ad justments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.

But it’s not just a gender thing. At work,people pretty much know what they’ re supposed to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.

On the home front,however,people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it,or if they’ re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’ re your family. You cannot fire your family.You never really get to go home from home.

So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.

According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home

According to Damaske,who are likely to be the happiest at home?

The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact that

The word “moola”(Line4, Para4) most probably means

The home front differs from the workplace in that

Text2

For years,studies have found that first-generation college students- those who do not have a parent with a college degree- lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created"a paradox” in that recruiting firstgeneration students,but then watching many of them fail,means that higher education has " continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close"ab achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.

But the article is actually quite optimistic,as it outlines a potential solution to this problem,suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour,next-tono-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.

The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the pro,ject)at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants,a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree.

Their thesis- that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact- was based or the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.

Many first- generation students"struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’educational experience, many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students’ like them can improve.

Recruiting more first- generation students has

The author of the research article are optimistic because

The study suggests that most first- generation students

The author of the paper believe that first-generation students

We may infer from the last paragraph that

Text3

There is no question that the speech of the American office is changing. One lingual expert称之为"the lingua franca of corporate America” is what has come to be called “office speak”.

Consider the phrases: “Let’s touch base,” “Let’s circle back,” “Let’s take it offline,” “No brainer,” “Thought shower,” “Bottom line,” “At the end of the day.” These terms are now commonly used in the workplace, and they are often used by both managers and subordinates.

In a recent paper, Professor Nancy Koehn of Harvard Business School noted that the language of corporate America has become more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago. “You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion,and purpose,“said Khurana.

This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance.The” mommy wars"of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like Shery 1 Sandberg’ s Lean In,whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug,offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your " passion,“you'11 be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.

But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it,but managers love it,companies depend on it,and regular people willingly absorb it.As Nunberg said,“You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.“In a workplace that’ s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work-and how your work defines who you are.

According to Naney Koehn,office language has become

“Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to.

Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to

It can be inferred that Lean In

Which of the following statements is true about office speak?

Text4

Many people talked of the 288, 000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June,along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent,as good news.And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment,but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.

However,there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who repot voluntarily working part-time.This figure is now 830, 000(4.4 percent)above its year ago level.

Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs.They take part-time work because this is all they can get.An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.

There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down.Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession,but it is down by 640,000(7.9percent)from is year ago level.

We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us.The survey used by the Labor Department asks people is they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week.If the answer is” yes”,they are classified as worked less than 35hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice.They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.

The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people,especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.

However, Obamacare has alowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families.With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.

Which part of the jobs picture are neglected?

Many people work part-time because they.

Involuntary part-time employment is the US

It can be learned that with Obamacare,

阅读理解

Part A

Directions

Read the following four texts, Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

Text1

A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at hom than at work.Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker,while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.

“Further contradicting conventional wisdom,we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske.In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes.“It is men,not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without,but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.

What the study doesn’ t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’ re at home, whe ther it is household work or work brought home from the office.For many men,the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace a making ad justments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.

But it’s not just a gender thing. At work,people pretty much know what they’ re supposed to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.

On the home front,however,people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it,or if they’ re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’ re your family. You cannot fire your family.You never really get to go home from home.

So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.

According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home

According to Damaske,who are likely to be the happiest at home?

The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact that

The word “moola”(Line4, Para4) most probably means

The home front differs from the workplace in that

Text2

For years,studies have found that first-generation college students- those who do not have a parent with a college degree- lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created"a paradox” in that recruiting firstgeneration students,but then watching many of them fail,means that higher education has " continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close"ab achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.

But the article is actually quite optimistic,as it outlines a potential solution to this problem,suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour,next-tono-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.

The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the pro,ject)at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants,a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree.

Their thesis- that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact- was based or the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.

Many first- generation students"struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’educational experience, many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students’ like them can improve.

Recruiting more first- generation students has

The author of the research article are optimistic because

The study suggests that most first- generation students

The author of the paper believe that first-generation students

We may infer from the last paragraph that

Text3

There is no question that the speech of the American office is changing. One lingual expert称之为"the lingua franca of corporate America” is what has come to be called “office speak”.

Consider the phrases: “Let’s touch base,” “Let’s circle back,” “Let’s take it offline,” “No brainer,” “Thought shower,” “Bottom line,” “At the end of the day.” These terms are now commonly used in the workplace, and they are often used by both managers and subordinates.

In a recent paper, Professor Nancy Koehn of Harvard Business School noted that the language of corporate America has become more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago. “You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion,and purpose,“said Khurana.

This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance.The” mommy wars"of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like Shery 1 Sandberg’ s Lean In,whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug,offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your " passion,“you'11 be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.

But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it,but managers love it,companies depend on it,and regular people willingly absorb it.As Nunberg said,“You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.“In a workplace that’ s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work-and how your work defines who you are.

According to Naney Koehn,office language has become

“Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to.

Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to

It can be inferred that Lean In

Which of the following statements is true about office speak?

Text4

Many people talked of the 288, 000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June,along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent,as good news.And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment,but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.

However,there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who repot voluntarily working part-time.This figure is now 830, 000(4.4 percent)above its year ago level.

Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs.They take part-time work because this is all they can get.An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.

There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down.Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession,but it is down by 640,000(7.9percent)from is year ago level.

We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us.The survey used by the Labor Department asks people is they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week.If the answer is” yes”,they are classified as worked less than 35hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice.They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.

The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people,especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.

However, Obamacare has alowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families.With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.

Which part of the jobs picture are neglected?

Many people work part-time because they.

Involuntary part-time employment is the US

It can be learned that with Obamacare,

The text mainly discusses