2010 年真题

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Text

The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic $\underline{1}$ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.

The heightened alert $\underline{2}$ an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising $\underline{3}$ in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.

But the epidemic is “ $\underline{4}$ ” in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization’s director general, $\underline{5}$ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the $\underline{6}$ of any medical treatment.

The outbreak came to global $\underline{7}$ in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths $\underline{8}$ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to $\underline{9}$ in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.

In the United States, new cases seemed to fade $\underline{10}$ warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was $\underline{11}$ flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the $\underline{12}$ tested are the new swine flu, also known as A(H1N1), not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has $\underline{13}$ more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.

Federal health officials $\underline{14}$ Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began $\underline{15}$ orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is $\underline{16}$ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those $\underline{17}$ doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not $\underline{18}$ for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other $\underline{19}$ . But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups: health care workers, people $\underline{20}$ infants and healthy young people.

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Text

The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic $\underline{1}$ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.

The heightened alert $\underline{2}$ an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising $\underline{3}$ in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.

But the epidemic is “ $\underline{4}$ ” in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization’s director general, $\underline{5}$ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the $\underline{6}$ of any medical treatment.

The outbreak came to global $\underline{7}$ in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths $\underline{8}$ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to $\underline{9}$ in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.

In the United States, new cases seemed to fade $\underline{10}$ warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was $\underline{11}$ flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the $\underline{12}$ tested are the new swine flu, also known as A(H1N1), not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has $\underline{13}$ more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.

Federal health officials $\underline{14}$ Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began $\underline{15}$ orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is $\underline{16}$ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those $\underline{17}$ doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not $\underline{18}$ for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other $\underline{19}$ . But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups: health care workers, people $\underline{20}$ infants and healthy young people.

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Text

The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic $\underline{1}$ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.

The heightened alert $\underline{2}$ an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising $\underline{3}$ in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.

But the epidemic is “ $\underline{4}$ ” in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization’s director general, $\underline{5}$ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the $\underline{6}$ of any medical treatment.

The outbreak came to global $\underline{7}$ in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths $\underline{8}$ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to $\underline{9}$ in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.

In the United States, new cases seemed to fade $\underline{10}$ warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was $\underline{11}$ flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the $\underline{12}$ tested are the new swine flu, also known as A(H1N1), not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has $\underline{13}$ more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.

Federal health officials $\underline{14}$ Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began $\underline{15}$ orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is $\underline{16}$ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those $\underline{17}$ doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not $\underline{18}$ for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other $\underline{19}$ . But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups: health care workers, people $\underline{20}$ infants and healthy young people.

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Text

The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic $\underline{1}$ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.

The heightened alert $\underline{2}$ an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising $\underline{3}$ in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.

But the epidemic is “ $\underline{4}$ ” in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization’s director general, $\underline{5}$ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the $\underline{6}$ of any medical treatment.

The outbreak came to global $\underline{7}$ in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths $\underline{8}$ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to $\underline{9}$ in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.

In the United States, new cases seemed to fade $\underline{10}$ warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was $\underline{11}$ flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the $\underline{12}$ tested are the new swine flu, also known as A(H1N1), not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has $\underline{13}$ more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.

Federal health officials $\underline{14}$ Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began $\underline{15}$ orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is $\underline{16}$ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those $\underline{17}$ doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not $\underline{18}$ for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other $\underline{19}$ . But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups: health care workers, people $\underline{20}$ infants and healthy young people.

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Text

The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic $\underline{1}$ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.

The heightened alert $\underline{2}$ an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising $\underline{3}$ in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.

But the epidemic is “ $\underline{4}$ ” in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization’s director general, $\underline{5}$ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the $\underline{6}$ of any medical treatment.

The outbreak came to global $\underline{7}$ in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths $\underline{8}$ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to $\underline{9}$ in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.

In the United States, new cases seemed to fade $\underline{10}$ warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was $\underline{11}$ flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the $\underline{12}$ tested are the new swine flu, also known as A(H1N1), not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has $\underline{13}$ more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.

Federal health officials $\underline{14}$ Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began $\underline{15}$ orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is $\underline{16}$ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those $\underline{17}$ doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not $\underline{18}$ for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other $\underline{19}$ . But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups: health care workers, people $\underline{20}$ infants and healthy young people.

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Text

The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic $\underline{1}$ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.

The heightened alert $\underline{2}$ an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising $\underline{3}$ in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.

But the epidemic is “ $\underline{4}$ ” in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization’s director general, $\underline{5}$ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the $\underline{6}$ of any medical treatment.

The outbreak came to global $\underline{7}$ in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths $\underline{8}$ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to $\underline{9}$ in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.

In the United States, new cases seemed to fade $\underline{10}$ warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was $\underline{11}$ flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the $\underline{12}$ tested are the new swine flu, also known as A(H1N1), not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has $\underline{13}$ more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.

Federal health officials $\underline{14}$ Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began $\underline{15}$ orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is $\underline{16}$ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those $\underline{17}$ doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not $\underline{18}$ for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other $\underline{19}$ . But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups: health care workers, people $\underline{20}$ infants and healthy young people.

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Text

The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic $\underline{1}$ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.

The heightened alert $\underline{2}$ an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising $\underline{3}$ in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.

But the epidemic is “ $\underline{4}$ ” in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization’s director general, $\underline{5}$ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the $\underline{6}$ of any medical treatment.

The outbreak came to global $\underline{7}$ in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths $\underline{8}$ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to $\underline{9}$ in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.

In the United States, new cases seemed to fade $\underline{10}$ warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was $\underline{11}$ flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the $\underline{12}$ tested are the new swine flu, also known as A(H1N1), not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has $\underline{13}$ more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.

Federal health officials $\underline{14}$ Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began $\underline{15}$ orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is $\underline{16}$ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those $\underline{17}$ doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not $\underline{18}$ for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other $\underline{19}$ . But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups: health care workers, people $\underline{20}$ infants and healthy young people.

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Text

The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic $\underline{1}$ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.

The heightened alert $\underline{2}$ an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising $\underline{3}$ in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.

But the epidemic is “ $\underline{4}$ ” in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization’s director general, $\underline{5}$ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the $\underline{6}$ of any medical treatment.

The outbreak came to global $\underline{7}$ in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths $\underline{8}$ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to $\underline{9}$ in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.

In the United States, new cases seemed to fade $\underline{10}$ warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was $\underline{11}$ flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the $\underline{12}$ tested are the new swine flu, also known as A(H1N1), not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has $\underline{13}$ more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.

Federal health officials $\underline{14}$ Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began $\underline{15}$ orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is $\underline{16}$ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those $\underline{17}$ doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not $\underline{18}$ for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other $\underline{19}$ . But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups: health care workers, people $\underline{20}$ infants and healthy young people.

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Text

The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic $\underline{1}$ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.

The heightened alert $\underline{2}$ an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising $\underline{3}$ in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.

But the epidemic is “ $\underline{4}$ ” in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization’s director general, $\underline{5}$ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the $\underline{6}$ of any medical treatment.

The outbreak came to global $\underline{7}$ in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths $\underline{8}$ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to $\underline{9}$ in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.

In the United States, new cases seemed to fade $\underline{10}$ warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was $\underline{11}$ flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the $\underline{12}$ tested are the new swine flu, also known as A(H1N1), not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has $\underline{13}$ more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.

Federal health officials $\underline{14}$ Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began $\underline{15}$ orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is $\underline{16}$ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those $\underline{17}$ doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not $\underline{18}$ for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other $\underline{19}$ . But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups: health care workers, people $\underline{20}$ infants and healthy young people.

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Text

The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic $\underline{1}$ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.

The heightened alert $\underline{2}$ an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising $\underline{3}$ in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.

But the epidemic is “ $\underline{4}$ ” in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization’s director general, $\underline{5}$ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the $\underline{6}$ of any medical treatment.

The outbreak came to global $\underline{7}$ in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths $\underline{8}$ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to $\underline{9}$ in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.

In the United States, new cases seemed to fade $\underline{10}$ warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was $\underline{11}$ flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the $\underline{12}$ tested are the new swine flu, also known as A(H1N1), not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has $\underline{13}$ more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.

Federal health officials $\underline{14}$ Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began $\underline{15}$ orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is $\underline{16}$ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those $\underline{17}$ doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not $\underline{18}$ for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other $\underline{19}$ . But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups: health care workers, people $\underline{20}$ infants and healthy young people.

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Text

The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic $\underline{1}$ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.

The heightened alert $\underline{2}$ an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising $\underline{3}$ in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.

But the epidemic is “ $\underline{4}$ ” in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization’s director general, $\underline{5}$ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the $\underline{6}$ of any medical treatment.

The outbreak came to global $\underline{7}$ in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths $\underline{8}$ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to $\underline{9}$ in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.

In the United States, new cases seemed to fade $\underline{10}$ warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was $\underline{11}$ flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the $\underline{12}$ tested are the new swine flu, also known as A(H1N1), not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has $\underline{13}$ more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.

Federal health officials $\underline{14}$ Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began $\underline{15}$ orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is $\underline{16}$ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those $\underline{17}$ doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not $\underline{18}$ for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other $\underline{19}$ . But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups: health care workers, people $\underline{20}$ infants and healthy young people.

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Text

The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic $\underline{1}$ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.

The heightened alert $\underline{2}$ an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising $\underline{3}$ in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.

But the epidemic is “ $\underline{4}$ ” in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization’s director general, $\underline{5}$ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the $\underline{6}$ of any medical treatment.

The outbreak came to global $\underline{7}$ in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths $\underline{8}$ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to $\underline{9}$ in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.

In the United States, new cases seemed to fade $\underline{10}$ warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was $\underline{11}$ flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the $\underline{12}$ tested are the new swine flu, also known as A(H1N1), not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has $\underline{13}$ more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.

Federal health officials $\underline{14}$ Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began $\underline{15}$ orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is $\underline{16}$ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those $\underline{17}$ doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not $\underline{18}$ for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other $\underline{19}$ . But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups: health care workers, people $\underline{20}$ infants and healthy young people.

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Text

The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic $\underline{1}$ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.

The heightened alert $\underline{2}$ an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising $\underline{3}$ in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.

But the epidemic is “ $\underline{4}$ ” in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization’s director general, $\underline{5}$ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the $\underline{6}$ of any medical treatment.

The outbreak came to global $\underline{7}$ in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths $\underline{8}$ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to $\underline{9}$ in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.

In the United States, new cases seemed to fade $\underline{10}$ warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was $\underline{11}$ flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the $\underline{12}$ tested are the new swine flu, also known as A(H1N1), not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has $\underline{13}$ more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.

Federal health officials $\underline{14}$ Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began $\underline{15}$ orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is $\underline{16}$ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those $\underline{17}$ doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not $\underline{18}$ for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other $\underline{19}$ . But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups: health care workers, people $\underline{20}$ infants and healthy young people.

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Text

The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic $\underline{1}$ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.

The heightened alert $\underline{2}$ an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising $\underline{3}$ in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.

But the epidemic is “ $\underline{4}$ ” in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization’s director general, $\underline{5}$ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the $\underline{6}$ of any medical treatment.

The outbreak came to global $\underline{7}$ in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths $\underline{8}$ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to $\underline{9}$ in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.

In the United States, new cases seemed to fade $\underline{10}$ warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was $\underline{11}$ flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the $\underline{12}$ tested are the new swine flu, also known as A(H1N1), not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has $\underline{13}$ more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.

Federal health officials $\underline{14}$ Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began $\underline{15}$ orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is $\underline{16}$ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those $\underline{17}$ doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not $\underline{18}$ for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other $\underline{19}$ . But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups: health care workers, people $\underline{20}$ infants and healthy young people.

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Text

The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic $\underline{1}$ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.

The heightened alert $\underline{2}$ an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising $\underline{3}$ in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.

But the epidemic is “ $\underline{4}$ ” in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization’s director general, $\underline{5}$ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the $\underline{6}$ of any medical treatment.

The outbreak came to global $\underline{7}$ in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths $\underline{8}$ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to $\underline{9}$ in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.

In the United States, new cases seemed to fade $\underline{10}$ warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was $\underline{11}$ flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the $\underline{12}$ tested are the new swine flu, also known as A(H1N1), not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has $\underline{13}$ more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.

Federal health officials $\underline{14}$ Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began $\underline{15}$ orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is $\underline{16}$ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those $\underline{17}$ doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not $\underline{18}$ for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other $\underline{19}$ . But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups: health care workers, people $\underline{20}$ infants and healthy young people.

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Text

The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic $\underline{1}$ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.

The heightened alert $\underline{2}$ an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising $\underline{3}$ in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.

But the epidemic is “ $\underline{4}$ ” in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization’s director general, $\underline{5}$ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the $\underline{6}$ of any medical treatment.

The outbreak came to global $\underline{7}$ in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths $\underline{8}$ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to $\underline{9}$ in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.

In the United States, new cases seemed to fade $\underline{10}$ warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was $\underline{11}$ flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the $\underline{12}$ tested are the new swine flu, also known as A(H1N1), not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has $\underline{13}$ more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.

Federal health officials $\underline{14}$ Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began $\underline{15}$ orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is $\underline{16}$ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those $\underline{17}$ doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not $\underline{18}$ for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other $\underline{19}$ . But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups: health care workers, people $\underline{20}$ infants and healthy young people.

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Text

The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic $\underline{1}$ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.

The heightened alert $\underline{2}$ an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising $\underline{3}$ in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.

But the epidemic is “ $\underline{4}$ ” in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization’s director general, $\underline{5}$ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the $\underline{6}$ of any medical treatment.

The outbreak came to global $\underline{7}$ in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths $\underline{8}$ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to $\underline{9}$ in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.

In the United States, new cases seemed to fade $\underline{10}$ warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was $\underline{11}$ flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the $\underline{12}$ tested are the new swine flu, also known as A(H1N1), not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has $\underline{13}$ more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.

Federal health officials $\underline{14}$ Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began $\underline{15}$ orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is $\underline{16}$ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those $\underline{17}$ doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not $\underline{18}$ for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other $\underline{19}$ . But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups: health care workers, people $\underline{20}$ infants and healthy young people.

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Text

The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic $\underline{1}$ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.

The heightened alert $\underline{2}$ an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising $\underline{3}$ in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.

But the epidemic is “ $\underline{4}$ ” in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization’s director general, $\underline{5}$ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the $\underline{6}$ of any medical treatment.

The outbreak came to global $\underline{7}$ in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths $\underline{8}$ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to $\underline{9}$ in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.

In the United States, new cases seemed to fade $\underline{10}$ warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was $\underline{11}$ flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the $\underline{12}$ tested are the new swine flu, also known as A(H1N1), not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has $\underline{13}$ more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.

Federal health officials $\underline{14}$ Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began $\underline{15}$ orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is $\underline{16}$ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those $\underline{17}$ doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not $\underline{18}$ for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other $\underline{19}$ . But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups: health care workers, people $\underline{20}$ infants and healthy young people.

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Text

The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic $\underline{1}$ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.

The heightened alert $\underline{2}$ an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising $\underline{3}$ in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.

But the epidemic is “ $\underline{4}$ ” in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization’s director general, $\underline{5}$ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the $\underline{6}$ of any medical treatment.

The outbreak came to global $\underline{7}$ in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths $\underline{8}$ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to $\underline{9}$ in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.

In the United States, new cases seemed to fade $\underline{10}$ warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was $\underline{11}$ flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the $\underline{12}$ tested are the new swine flu, also known as A(H1N1), not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has $\underline{13}$ more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.

Federal health officials $\underline{14}$ Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began $\underline{15}$ orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is $\underline{16}$ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those $\underline{17}$ doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not $\underline{18}$ for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other $\underline{19}$ . But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups: health care workers, people $\underline{20}$ infants and healthy young people.

完形填空

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Text

The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic $\underline{1}$ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.

The heightened alert $\underline{2}$ an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising $\underline{3}$ in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.

But the epidemic is “ $\underline{4}$ ” in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization’s director general, $\underline{5}$ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the $\underline{6}$ of any medical treatment.

The outbreak came to global $\underline{7}$ in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths $\underline{8}$ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to $\underline{9}$ in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.

In the United States, new cases seemed to fade $\underline{10}$ warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was $\underline{11}$ flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the $\underline{12}$ tested are the new swine flu, also known as A(H1N1), not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has $\underline{13}$ more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.

Federal health officials $\underline{14}$ Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began $\underline{15}$ orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is $\underline{16}$ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those $\underline{17}$ doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not $\underline{18}$ for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other $\underline{19}$ . But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups: health care workers, people $\underline{20}$ infants and healthy young people.

阅读理解

Part A

Text 1

The longest bull nun in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than E70m, a record for a sale by a single artist, t was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street. Lehman Brothers,filed for bankruptcy.

The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At is peak in 2007 it was worth some S65 billion, rckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics,a research firm -double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to s50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos,greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.

In the weeks and months that followed Mr, Hirst’s sale,spending_ of any sort became deeply unfashionable.In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fll y two-thirds,and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christi’s, had to pay out nearly s200m in guarantees to cients who had placed works for sale with them.

The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon hat prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christi’s chief executive, says:“I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”

What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.The three Ds - death, debt and divorce - still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.

In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst’s sale was referred to as “a last victory” because

阅读理解

Part A

Text 1

The longest bull nun in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than E70m, a record for a sale by a single artist, t was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street. Lehman Brothers,filed for bankruptcy.

The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At is peak in 2007 it was worth some S65 billion, rckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics,a research firm -double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to s50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos,greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.

In the weeks and months that followed Mr, Hirst’s sale,spending_ of any sort became deeply unfashionable.In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fll y two-thirds,and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christi’s, had to pay out nearly s200m in guarantees to cients who had placed works for sale with them.

The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon hat prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christi’s chief executive, says:“I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”

What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.The three Ds - death, debt and divorce - still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.

In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst’s sale was referred to as “a last victory” because

By saying"spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable"(Line 1-2, Para.3), the autho sgests that

阅读理解

Part A

Text 1

The longest bull nun in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than E70m, a record for a sale by a single artist, t was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street. Lehman Brothers,filed for bankruptcy.

The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At is peak in 2007 it was worth some S65 billion, rckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics,a research firm -double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to s50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos,greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.

In the weeks and months that followed Mr, Hirst’s sale,spending_ of any sort became deeply unfashionable.In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fll y two-thirds,and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christi’s, had to pay out nearly s200m in guarantees to cients who had placed works for sale with them.

The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon hat prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christi’s chief executive, says:“I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”

What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.The three Ds - death, debt and divorce - still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.

In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst’s sale was referred to as “a last victory” because

By saying"spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable"(Line 1-2, Para.3), the autho sgests that

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

阅读理解

Part A

Text 1

The longest bull nun in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than E70m, a record for a sale by a single artist, t was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street. Lehman Brothers,filed for bankruptcy.

The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At is peak in 2007 it was worth some S65 billion, rckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics,a research firm -double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to s50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos,greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.

In the weeks and months that followed Mr, Hirst’s sale,spending_ of any sort became deeply unfashionable.In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fll y two-thirds,and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christi’s, had to pay out nearly s200m in guarantees to cients who had placed works for sale with them.

The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon hat prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christi’s chief executive, says:“I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”

What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.The three Ds - death, debt and divorce - still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.

In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst’s sale was referred to as “a last victory” because

By saying"spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable"(Line 1-2, Para.3), the autho sgests that

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are

阅读理解

Part A

Text 1

The longest bull nun in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than E70m, a record for a sale by a single artist, t was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street. Lehman Brothers,filed for bankruptcy.

The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At is peak in 2007 it was worth some S65 billion, rckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics,a research firm -double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to s50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos,greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.

In the weeks and months that followed Mr, Hirst’s sale,spending_ of any sort became deeply unfashionable.In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fll y two-thirds,and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christi’s, had to pay out nearly s200m in guarantees to cients who had placed works for sale with them.

The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon hat prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christi’s chief executive, says:“I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”

What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.The three Ds - death, debt and divorce - still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.

In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst’s sale was referred to as “a last victory” because

By saying"spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable"(Line 1-2, Para.3), the autho sgests that

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are

The most appropriate title for this text could be

阅读理解

Part A

Text 1

The longest bull nun in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than E70m, a record for a sale by a single artist, t was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street. Lehman Brothers,filed for bankruptcy.

The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At is peak in 2007 it was worth some S65 billion, rckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics,a research firm -double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to s50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos,greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.

In the weeks and months that followed Mr, Hirst’s sale,spending_ of any sort became deeply unfashionable.In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fll y two-thirds,and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christi’s, had to pay out nearly s200m in guarantees to cients who had placed works for sale with them.

The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon hat prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christi’s chief executive, says:“I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”

What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.The three Ds - death, debt and divorce - still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.

In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst’s sale was referred to as “a last victory” because

By saying"spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable"(Line 1-2, Para.3), the autho sgests that

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are

The most appropriate title for this text could be

Text 2

I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room -a women’s group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening,one man had been particlarly talkaive, feguently ofring icas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening,I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don’t talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement, He gestured toward his wife and said,“She’s the talker in our family.“The room burst into laughter, the man looked puzzled and hurt.“It’s rey”, e xplained.“When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn’t ep the conversation going,we’d spend the whole evening insilence.”

This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home.And this pattern is wrcaking havoc with marriage.

The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewed - but only a few of the men - gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 peren,that amounts to mlion of as n te Tnited Stsevery year a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.

In my own research, complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his, or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking and social arrangements. Instead,they focused on communication:“He doesn’t listen to me.““He doesn’t talk to me.” I found,as Hacker observed years before, that most wives want their husbands to be,first and foremost, conversational partners,but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.

In short,the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of i, wanting to talk.

What is most wives’ main expectation of ther usands?

阅读理解

Part A

Text 1

The longest bull nun in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than E70m, a record for a sale by a single artist, t was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street. Lehman Brothers,filed for bankruptcy.

The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At is peak in 2007 it was worth some S65 billion, rckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics,a research firm -double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to s50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos,greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.

In the weeks and months that followed Mr, Hirst’s sale,spending_ of any sort became deeply unfashionable.In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fll y two-thirds,and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christi’s, had to pay out nearly s200m in guarantees to cients who had placed works for sale with them.

The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon hat prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christi’s chief executive, says:“I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”

What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.The three Ds - death, debt and divorce - still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.

In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst’s sale was referred to as “a last victory” because

By saying"spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable"(Line 1-2, Para.3), the autho sgests that

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are

The most appropriate title for this text could be

Text 2

I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room -a women’s group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening,one man had been particlarly talkaive, feguently ofring icas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening,I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don’t talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement, He gestured toward his wife and said,“She’s the talker in our family.“The room burst into laughter, the man looked puzzled and hurt.“It’s rey”, e xplained.“When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn’t ep the conversation going,we’d spend the whole evening insilence.”

This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home.And this pattern is wrcaking havoc with marriage.

The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewed - but only a few of the men - gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 peren,that amounts to mlion of as n te Tnited Stsevery year a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.

In my own research, complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his, or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking and social arrangements. Instead,they focused on communication:“He doesn’t listen to me.““He doesn’t talk to me.” I found,as Hacker observed years before, that most wives want their husbands to be,first and foremost, conversational partners,but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.

In short,the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of i, wanting to talk.

What is most wives’ main expectation of ther usands?

Judging from the context,the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means

阅读理解

Part A

Text 1

The longest bull nun in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than E70m, a record for a sale by a single artist, t was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street. Lehman Brothers,filed for bankruptcy.

The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At is peak in 2007 it was worth some S65 billion, rckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics,a research firm -double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to s50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos,greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.

In the weeks and months that followed Mr, Hirst’s sale,spending_ of any sort became deeply unfashionable.In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fll y two-thirds,and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christi’s, had to pay out nearly s200m in guarantees to cients who had placed works for sale with them.

The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon hat prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christi’s chief executive, says:“I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”

What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.The three Ds - death, debt and divorce - still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.

In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst’s sale was referred to as “a last victory” because

By saying"spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable"(Line 1-2, Para.3), the autho sgests that

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are

The most appropriate title for this text could be

Text 2

I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room -a women’s group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening,one man had been particlarly talkaive, feguently ofring icas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening,I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don’t talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement, He gestured toward his wife and said,“She’s the talker in our family.“The room burst into laughter, the man looked puzzled and hurt.“It’s rey”, e xplained.“When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn’t ep the conversation going,we’d spend the whole evening insilence.”

This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home.And this pattern is wrcaking havoc with marriage.

The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewed - but only a few of the men - gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 peren,that amounts to mlion of as n te Tnited Stsevery year a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.

In my own research, complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his, or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking and social arrangements. Instead,they focused on communication:“He doesn’t listen to me.““He doesn’t talk to me.” I found,as Hacker observed years before, that most wives want their husbands to be,first and foremost, conversational partners,but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.

In short,the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of i, wanting to talk.

What is most wives’ main expectation of ther usands?

Judging from the context,the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means

All of the following are true EXCEPT

阅读理解

Part A

Text 1

The longest bull nun in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than E70m, a record for a sale by a single artist, t was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street. Lehman Brothers,filed for bankruptcy.

The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At is peak in 2007 it was worth some S65 billion, rckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics,a research firm -double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to s50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos,greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.

In the weeks and months that followed Mr, Hirst’s sale,spending_ of any sort became deeply unfashionable.In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fll y two-thirds,and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christi’s, had to pay out nearly s200m in guarantees to cients who had placed works for sale with them.

The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon hat prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christi’s chief executive, says:“I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”

What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.The three Ds - death, debt and divorce - still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.

In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst’s sale was referred to as “a last victory” because

By saying"spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable"(Line 1-2, Para.3), the autho sgests that

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are

The most appropriate title for this text could be

Text 2

I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room -a women’s group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening,one man had been particlarly talkaive, feguently ofring icas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening,I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don’t talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement, He gestured toward his wife and said,“She’s the talker in our family.“The room burst into laughter, the man looked puzzled and hurt.“It’s rey”, e xplained.“When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn’t ep the conversation going,we’d spend the whole evening insilence.”

This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home.And this pattern is wrcaking havoc with marriage.

The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewed - but only a few of the men - gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 peren,that amounts to mlion of as n te Tnited Stsevery year a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.

In my own research, complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his, or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking and social arrangements. Instead,they focused on communication:“He doesn’t listen to me.““He doesn’t talk to me.” I found,as Hacker observed years before, that most wives want their husbands to be,first and foremost, conversational partners,but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.

In short,the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of i, wanting to talk.

What is most wives’ main expectation of ther usands?

Judging from the context,the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means

All of the following are true EXCEPT

Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?

阅读理解

Part A

Text 1

The longest bull nun in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than E70m, a record for a sale by a single artist, t was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street. Lehman Brothers,filed for bankruptcy.

The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At is peak in 2007 it was worth some S65 billion, rckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics,a research firm -double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to s50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos,greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.

In the weeks and months that followed Mr, Hirst’s sale,spending_ of any sort became deeply unfashionable.In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fll y two-thirds,and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christi’s, had to pay out nearly s200m in guarantees to cients who had placed works for sale with them.

The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon hat prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christi’s chief executive, says:“I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”

What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.The three Ds - death, debt and divorce - still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.

In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst’s sale was referred to as “a last victory” because

By saying"spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable"(Line 1-2, Para.3), the autho sgests that

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are

The most appropriate title for this text could be

Text 2

I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room -a women’s group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening,one man had been particlarly talkaive, feguently ofring icas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening,I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don’t talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement, He gestured toward his wife and said,“She’s the talker in our family.“The room burst into laughter, the man looked puzzled and hurt.“It’s rey”, e xplained.“When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn’t ep the conversation going,we’d spend the whole evening insilence.”

This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home.And this pattern is wrcaking havoc with marriage.

The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewed - but only a few of the men - gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 peren,that amounts to mlion of as n te Tnited Stsevery year a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.

In my own research, complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his, or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking and social arrangements. Instead,they focused on communication:“He doesn’t listen to me.““He doesn’t talk to me.” I found,as Hacker observed years before, that most wives want their husbands to be,first and foremost, conversational partners,but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.

In short,the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of i, wanting to talk.

What is most wives’ main expectation of ther usands?

Judging from the context,the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means

All of the following are true EXCEPT

Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?

In the following part immediately after this tex, the author will most probably focus on

阅读理解

Part A

Text 1

The longest bull nun in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than E70m, a record for a sale by a single artist, t was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street. Lehman Brothers,filed for bankruptcy.

The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At is peak in 2007 it was worth some S65 billion, rckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics,a research firm -double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to s50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos,greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.

In the weeks and months that followed Mr, Hirst’s sale,spending_ of any sort became deeply unfashionable.In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fll y two-thirds,and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christi’s, had to pay out nearly s200m in guarantees to cients who had placed works for sale with them.

The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon hat prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christi’s chief executive, says:“I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”

What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.The three Ds - death, debt and divorce - still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.

In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst’s sale was referred to as “a last victory” because

By saying"spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable"(Line 1-2, Para.3), the autho sgests that

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are

The most appropriate title for this text could be

Text 2

I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room -a women’s group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening,one man had been particlarly talkaive, feguently ofring icas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening,I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don’t talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement, He gestured toward his wife and said,“She’s the talker in our family.“The room burst into laughter, the man looked puzzled and hurt.“It’s rey”, e xplained.“When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn’t ep the conversation going,we’d spend the whole evening insilence.”

This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home.And this pattern is wrcaking havoc with marriage.

The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewed - but only a few of the men - gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 peren,that amounts to mlion of as n te Tnited Stsevery year a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.

In my own research, complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his, or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking and social arrangements. Instead,they focused on communication:“He doesn’t listen to me.““He doesn’t talk to me.” I found,as Hacker observed years before, that most wives want their husbands to be,first and foremost, conversational partners,but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.

In short,the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of i, wanting to talk.

What is most wives’ main expectation of ther usands?

Judging from the context,the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means

All of the following are true EXCEPT

Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?

In the following part immediately after this tex, the author will most probably focus on

Text 3

Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors - habits -among consumers. These habits have helped companies earm bilions of dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking, ofen in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.

“There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habi, that remain killers only becase we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,” said Dr. Curtis, the director of the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.“We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automaticlly

The companies that Dr. Curtis tumed to - Procter & Gamble, Colgate- Palmolive and Unilever- hd invested hundreds of milios of dollars indig the sbte s in consumers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.

If you look kard anugh, you’ll in ah an fr e p rort u se er dy chewing gum,kin moisturizer, disinfecing wipes, aif fehenes, water purfes, health snacks, teeh whieners, fabris ofeners, viamins are resuls f manufatured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today,because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give thei pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the oter rands.

A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started botting the prouction of farof pring, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long.Chewing gum,once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and eth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, siped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.

“Ou products succed when they become part of daily or weekly patten,s’ said Carol Berning,a consumer psychologist who recenly retired fom Procter & Camble, the company that sold S76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers ives, and it’s essential to making new products commerialy iable

Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Bemning have leamed that thre is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through nuthless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversics have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell guestionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.

Acording to Dr.Curis,habits ie hand washing with soap.

阅读理解

Part A

Text 1

The longest bull nun in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than E70m, a record for a sale by a single artist, t was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street. Lehman Brothers,filed for bankruptcy.

The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At is peak in 2007 it was worth some S65 billion, rckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics,a research firm -double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to s50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos,greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.

In the weeks and months that followed Mr, Hirst’s sale,spending_ of any sort became deeply unfashionable.In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fll y two-thirds,and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christi’s, had to pay out nearly s200m in guarantees to cients who had placed works for sale with them.

The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon hat prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christi’s chief executive, says:“I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”

What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.The three Ds - death, debt and divorce - still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.

In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst’s sale was referred to as “a last victory” because

By saying"spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable"(Line 1-2, Para.3), the autho sgests that

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are

The most appropriate title for this text could be

Text 2

I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room -a women’s group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening,one man had been particlarly talkaive, feguently ofring icas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening,I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don’t talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement, He gestured toward his wife and said,“She’s the talker in our family.“The room burst into laughter, the man looked puzzled and hurt.“It’s rey”, e xplained.“When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn’t ep the conversation going,we’d spend the whole evening insilence.”

This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home.And this pattern is wrcaking havoc with marriage.

The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewed - but only a few of the men - gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 peren,that amounts to mlion of as n te Tnited Stsevery year a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.

In my own research, complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his, or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking and social arrangements. Instead,they focused on communication:“He doesn’t listen to me.““He doesn’t talk to me.” I found,as Hacker observed years before, that most wives want their husbands to be,first and foremost, conversational partners,but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.

In short,the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of i, wanting to talk.

What is most wives’ main expectation of ther usands?

Judging from the context,the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means

All of the following are true EXCEPT

Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?

In the following part immediately after this tex, the author will most probably focus on

Text 3

Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors - habits -among consumers. These habits have helped companies earm bilions of dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking, ofen in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.

“There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habi, that remain killers only becase we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,” said Dr. Curtis, the director of the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.“We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automaticlly

The companies that Dr. Curtis tumed to - Procter & Gamble, Colgate- Palmolive and Unilever- hd invested hundreds of milios of dollars indig the sbte s in consumers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.

If you look kard anugh, you’ll in ah an fr e p rort u se er dy chewing gum,kin moisturizer, disinfecing wipes, aif fehenes, water purfes, health snacks, teeh whieners, fabris ofeners, viamins are resuls f manufatured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today,because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give thei pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the oter rands.

A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started botting the prouction of farof pring, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long.Chewing gum,once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and eth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, siped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.

“Ou products succed when they become part of daily or weekly patten,s’ said Carol Berning,a consumer psychologist who recenly retired fom Procter & Camble, the company that sold S76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers ives, and it’s essential to making new products commerialy iable

Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Bemning have leamed that thre is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through nuthless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversics have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell guestionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.

Acording to Dr.Curis,habits ie hand washing with soap.

Bottled water, chewing gum and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to

阅读理解

Part A

Text 1

The longest bull nun in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than E70m, a record for a sale by a single artist, t was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street. Lehman Brothers,filed for bankruptcy.

The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At is peak in 2007 it was worth some S65 billion, rckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics,a research firm -double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to s50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos,greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.

In the weeks and months that followed Mr, Hirst’s sale,spending_ of any sort became deeply unfashionable.In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fll y two-thirds,and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christi’s, had to pay out nearly s200m in guarantees to cients who had placed works for sale with them.

The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon hat prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christi’s chief executive, says:“I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”

What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.The three Ds - death, debt and divorce - still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.

In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst’s sale was referred to as “a last victory” because

By saying"spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable"(Line 1-2, Para.3), the autho sgests that

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are

The most appropriate title for this text could be

Text 2

I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room -a women’s group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening,one man had been particlarly talkaive, feguently ofring icas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening,I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don’t talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement, He gestured toward his wife and said,“She’s the talker in our family.“The room burst into laughter, the man looked puzzled and hurt.“It’s rey”, e xplained.“When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn’t ep the conversation going,we’d spend the whole evening insilence.”

This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home.And this pattern is wrcaking havoc with marriage.

The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewed - but only a few of the men - gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 peren,that amounts to mlion of as n te Tnited Stsevery year a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.

In my own research, complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his, or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking and social arrangements. Instead,they focused on communication:“He doesn’t listen to me.““He doesn’t talk to me.” I found,as Hacker observed years before, that most wives want their husbands to be,first and foremost, conversational partners,but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.

In short,the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of i, wanting to talk.

What is most wives’ main expectation of ther usands?

Judging from the context,the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means

All of the following are true EXCEPT

Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?

In the following part immediately after this tex, the author will most probably focus on

Text 3

Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors - habits -among consumers. These habits have helped companies earm bilions of dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking, ofen in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.

“There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habi, that remain killers only becase we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,” said Dr. Curtis, the director of the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.“We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automaticlly

The companies that Dr. Curtis tumed to - Procter & Gamble, Colgate- Palmolive and Unilever- hd invested hundreds of milios of dollars indig the sbte s in consumers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.

If you look kard anugh, you’ll in ah an fr e p rort u se er dy chewing gum,kin moisturizer, disinfecing wipes, aif fehenes, water purfes, health snacks, teeh whieners, fabris ofeners, viamins are resuls f manufatured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today,because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give thei pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the oter rands.

A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started botting the prouction of farof pring, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long.Chewing gum,once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and eth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, siped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.

“Ou products succed when they become part of daily or weekly patten,s’ said Carol Berning,a consumer psychologist who recenly retired fom Procter & Camble, the company that sold S76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers ives, and it’s essential to making new products commerialy iable

Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Bemning have leamed that thre is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through nuthless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversics have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell guestionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.

Acording to Dr.Curis,habits ie hand washing with soap.

Bottled water, chewing gum and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to

Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits?

阅读理解

Part A

Text 1

The longest bull nun in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than E70m, a record for a sale by a single artist, t was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street. Lehman Brothers,filed for bankruptcy.

The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At is peak in 2007 it was worth some S65 billion, rckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics,a research firm -double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to s50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos,greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.

In the weeks and months that followed Mr, Hirst’s sale,spending_ of any sort became deeply unfashionable.In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fll y two-thirds,and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christi’s, had to pay out nearly s200m in guarantees to cients who had placed works for sale with them.

The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon hat prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christi’s chief executive, says:“I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”

What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.The three Ds - death, debt and divorce - still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.

In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst’s sale was referred to as “a last victory” because

By saying"spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable"(Line 1-2, Para.3), the autho sgests that

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are

The most appropriate title for this text could be

Text 2

I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room -a women’s group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening,one man had been particlarly talkaive, feguently ofring icas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening,I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don’t talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement, He gestured toward his wife and said,“She’s the talker in our family.“The room burst into laughter, the man looked puzzled and hurt.“It’s rey”, e xplained.“When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn’t ep the conversation going,we’d spend the whole evening insilence.”

This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home.And this pattern is wrcaking havoc with marriage.

The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewed - but only a few of the men - gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 peren,that amounts to mlion of as n te Tnited Stsevery year a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.

In my own research, complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his, or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking and social arrangements. Instead,they focused on communication:“He doesn’t listen to me.““He doesn’t talk to me.” I found,as Hacker observed years before, that most wives want their husbands to be,first and foremost, conversational partners,but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.

In short,the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of i, wanting to talk.

What is most wives’ main expectation of ther usands?

Judging from the context,the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means

All of the following are true EXCEPT

Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?

In the following part immediately after this tex, the author will most probably focus on

Text 3

Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors - habits -among consumers. These habits have helped companies earm bilions of dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking, ofen in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.

“There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habi, that remain killers only becase we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,” said Dr. Curtis, the director of the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.“We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automaticlly

The companies that Dr. Curtis tumed to - Procter & Gamble, Colgate- Palmolive and Unilever- hd invested hundreds of milios of dollars indig the sbte s in consumers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.

If you look kard anugh, you’ll in ah an fr e p rort u se er dy chewing gum,kin moisturizer, disinfecing wipes, aif fehenes, water purfes, health snacks, teeh whieners, fabris ofeners, viamins are resuls f manufatured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today,because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give thei pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the oter rands.

A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started botting the prouction of farof pring, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long.Chewing gum,once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and eth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, siped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.

“Ou products succed when they become part of daily or weekly patten,s’ said Carol Berning,a consumer psychologist who recenly retired fom Procter & Camble, the company that sold S76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers ives, and it’s essential to making new products commerialy iable

Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Bemning have leamed that thre is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through nuthless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversics have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell guestionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.

Acording to Dr.Curis,habits ie hand washing with soap.

Bottled water, chewing gum and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to

Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits?

From the text we know that some of consumers’ habits are developed due to

阅读理解

Part A

Text 1

The longest bull nun in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than E70m, a record for a sale by a single artist, t was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street. Lehman Brothers,filed for bankruptcy.

The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At is peak in 2007 it was worth some S65 billion, rckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics,a research firm -double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to s50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos,greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.

In the weeks and months that followed Mr, Hirst’s sale,spending_ of any sort became deeply unfashionable.In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fll y two-thirds,and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christi’s, had to pay out nearly s200m in guarantees to cients who had placed works for sale with them.

The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon hat prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christi’s chief executive, says:“I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”

What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.The three Ds - death, debt and divorce - still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.

In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst’s sale was referred to as “a last victory” because

By saying"spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable"(Line 1-2, Para.3), the autho sgests that

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are

The most appropriate title for this text could be

Text 2

I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room -a women’s group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening,one man had been particlarly talkaive, feguently ofring icas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening,I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don’t talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement, He gestured toward his wife and said,“She’s the talker in our family.“The room burst into laughter, the man looked puzzled and hurt.“It’s rey”, e xplained.“When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn’t ep the conversation going,we’d spend the whole evening insilence.”

This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home.And this pattern is wrcaking havoc with marriage.

The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewed - but only a few of the men - gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 peren,that amounts to mlion of as n te Tnited Stsevery year a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.

In my own research, complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his, or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking and social arrangements. Instead,they focused on communication:“He doesn’t listen to me.““He doesn’t talk to me.” I found,as Hacker observed years before, that most wives want their husbands to be,first and foremost, conversational partners,but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.

In short,the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of i, wanting to talk.

What is most wives’ main expectation of ther usands?

Judging from the context,the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means

All of the following are true EXCEPT

Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?

In the following part immediately after this tex, the author will most probably focus on

Text 3

Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors - habits -among consumers. These habits have helped companies earm bilions of dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking, ofen in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.

“There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habi, that remain killers only becase we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,” said Dr. Curtis, the director of the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.“We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automaticlly

The companies that Dr. Curtis tumed to - Procter & Gamble, Colgate- Palmolive and Unilever- hd invested hundreds of milios of dollars indig the sbte s in consumers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.

If you look kard anugh, you’ll in ah an fr e p rort u se er dy chewing gum,kin moisturizer, disinfecing wipes, aif fehenes, water purfes, health snacks, teeh whieners, fabris ofeners, viamins are resuls f manufatured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today,because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give thei pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the oter rands.

A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started botting the prouction of farof pring, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long.Chewing gum,once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and eth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, siped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.

“Ou products succed when they become part of daily or weekly patten,s’ said Carol Berning,a consumer psychologist who recenly retired fom Procter & Camble, the company that sold S76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers ives, and it’s essential to making new products commerialy iable

Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Bemning have leamed that thre is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through nuthless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversics have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell guestionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.

Acording to Dr.Curis,habits ie hand washing with soap.

Bottled water, chewing gum and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to

Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits?

From the text we know that some of consumers’ habits are developed due to

The author’s attitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is

阅读理解

Part A

Text 1

The longest bull nun in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than E70m, a record for a sale by a single artist, t was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street. Lehman Brothers,filed for bankruptcy.

The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At is peak in 2007 it was worth some S65 billion, rckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics,a research firm -double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to s50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos,greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.

In the weeks and months that followed Mr, Hirst’s sale,spending_ of any sort became deeply unfashionable.In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fll y two-thirds,and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christi’s, had to pay out nearly s200m in guarantees to cients who had placed works for sale with them.

The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon hat prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christi’s chief executive, says:“I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”

What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.The three Ds - death, debt and divorce - still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.

In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst’s sale was referred to as “a last victory” because

By saying"spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable"(Line 1-2, Para.3), the autho sgests that

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are

The most appropriate title for this text could be

Text 2

I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room -a women’s group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening,one man had been particlarly talkaive, feguently ofring icas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening,I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don’t talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement, He gestured toward his wife and said,“She’s the talker in our family.“The room burst into laughter, the man looked puzzled and hurt.“It’s rey”, e xplained.“When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn’t ep the conversation going,we’d spend the whole evening insilence.”

This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home.And this pattern is wrcaking havoc with marriage.

The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewed - but only a few of the men - gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 peren,that amounts to mlion of as n te Tnited Stsevery year a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.

In my own research, complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his, or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking and social arrangements. Instead,they focused on communication:“He doesn’t listen to me.““He doesn’t talk to me.” I found,as Hacker observed years before, that most wives want their husbands to be,first and foremost, conversational partners,but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.

In short,the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of i, wanting to talk.

What is most wives’ main expectation of ther usands?

Judging from the context,the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means

All of the following are true EXCEPT

Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?

In the following part immediately after this tex, the author will most probably focus on

Text 3

Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors - habits -among consumers. These habits have helped companies earm bilions of dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking, ofen in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.

“There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habi, that remain killers only becase we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,” said Dr. Curtis, the director of the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.“We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automaticlly

The companies that Dr. Curtis tumed to - Procter & Gamble, Colgate- Palmolive and Unilever- hd invested hundreds of milios of dollars indig the sbte s in consumers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.

If you look kard anugh, you’ll in ah an fr e p rort u se er dy chewing gum,kin moisturizer, disinfecing wipes, aif fehenes, water purfes, health snacks, teeh whieners, fabris ofeners, viamins are resuls f manufatured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today,because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give thei pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the oter rands.

A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started botting the prouction of farof pring, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long.Chewing gum,once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and eth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, siped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.

“Ou products succed when they become part of daily or weekly patten,s’ said Carol Berning,a consumer psychologist who recenly retired fom Procter & Camble, the company that sold S76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers ives, and it’s essential to making new products commerialy iable

Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Bemning have leamed that thre is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through nuthless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversics have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell guestionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.

Acording to Dr.Curis,habits ie hand washing with soap.

Bottled water, chewing gum and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to

Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits?

From the text we know that some of consumers’ habits are developed due to

The author’s attitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is

Text 4

Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, ineding the princpls tha aliinwhoamee imal qualifications of age and lieracy are qually competent to serve on juries, that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no ien should be denied the right to serve on a jury on acount of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns govemning themselves, ather than electing representatives to govem for them.

But as recently as in 1968, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior inteligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as carly as the 1880 case of Srauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juris provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.

The system also failed to regularly include women on juries unti the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in tah in 1898,it was not until the 1940s that a majoriy of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatially xempted women from jury system, the text centers on

From the principles of the US jury system, we leamn that

阅读理解

Part A

Text 1

The longest bull nun in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than E70m, a record for a sale by a single artist, t was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street. Lehman Brothers,filed for bankruptcy.

The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At is peak in 2007 it was worth some S65 billion, rckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics,a research firm -double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to s50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos,greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.

In the weeks and months that followed Mr, Hirst’s sale,spending_ of any sort became deeply unfashionable.In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fll y two-thirds,and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christi’s, had to pay out nearly s200m in guarantees to cients who had placed works for sale with them.

The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon hat prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christi’s chief executive, says:“I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”

What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.The three Ds - death, debt and divorce - still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.

In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst’s sale was referred to as “a last victory” because

By saying"spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable"(Line 1-2, Para.3), the autho sgests that

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are

The most appropriate title for this text could be

Text 2

I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room -a women’s group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening,one man had been particlarly talkaive, feguently ofring icas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening,I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don’t talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement, He gestured toward his wife and said,“She’s the talker in our family.“The room burst into laughter, the man looked puzzled and hurt.“It’s rey”, e xplained.“When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn’t ep the conversation going,we’d spend the whole evening insilence.”

This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home.And this pattern is wrcaking havoc with marriage.

The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewed - but only a few of the men - gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 peren,that amounts to mlion of as n te Tnited Stsevery year a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.

In my own research, complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his, or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking and social arrangements. Instead,they focused on communication:“He doesn’t listen to me.““He doesn’t talk to me.” I found,as Hacker observed years before, that most wives want their husbands to be,first and foremost, conversational partners,but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.

In short,the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of i, wanting to talk.

What is most wives’ main expectation of ther usands?

Judging from the context,the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means

All of the following are true EXCEPT

Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?

In the following part immediately after this tex, the author will most probably focus on

Text 3

Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors - habits -among consumers. These habits have helped companies earm bilions of dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking, ofen in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.

“There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habi, that remain killers only becase we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,” said Dr. Curtis, the director of the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.“We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automaticlly

The companies that Dr. Curtis tumed to - Procter & Gamble, Colgate- Palmolive and Unilever- hd invested hundreds of milios of dollars indig the sbte s in consumers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.

If you look kard anugh, you’ll in ah an fr e p rort u se er dy chewing gum,kin moisturizer, disinfecing wipes, aif fehenes, water purfes, health snacks, teeh whieners, fabris ofeners, viamins are resuls f manufatured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today,because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give thei pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the oter rands.

A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started botting the prouction of farof pring, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long.Chewing gum,once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and eth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, siped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.

“Ou products succed when they become part of daily or weekly patten,s’ said Carol Berning,a consumer psychologist who recenly retired fom Procter & Camble, the company that sold S76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers ives, and it’s essential to making new products commerialy iable

Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Bemning have leamed that thre is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through nuthless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversics have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell guestionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.

Acording to Dr.Curis,habits ie hand washing with soap.

Bottled water, chewing gum and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to

Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits?

From the text we know that some of consumers’ habits are developed due to

The author’s attitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is

Text 4

Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, ineding the princpls tha aliinwhoamee imal qualifications of age and lieracy are qually competent to serve on juries, that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no ien should be denied the right to serve on a jury on acount of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns govemning themselves, ather than electing representatives to govem for them.

But as recently as in 1968, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior inteligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as carly as the 1880 case of Srauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juris provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.

The system also failed to regularly include women on juries unti the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in tah in 1898,it was not until the 1940s that a majoriy of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatially xempted women from jury system, the text centers on

From the principles of the US jury system, we leamn that

The practice of selecting so-called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed

阅读理解

Part A

Text 1

The longest bull nun in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than E70m, a record for a sale by a single artist, t was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street. Lehman Brothers,filed for bankruptcy.

The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At is peak in 2007 it was worth some S65 billion, rckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics,a research firm -double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to s50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos,greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.

In the weeks and months that followed Mr, Hirst’s sale,spending_ of any sort became deeply unfashionable.In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fll y two-thirds,and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christi’s, had to pay out nearly s200m in guarantees to cients who had placed works for sale with them.

The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon hat prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christi’s chief executive, says:“I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”

What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.The three Ds - death, debt and divorce - still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.

In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst’s sale was referred to as “a last victory” because

By saying"spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable"(Line 1-2, Para.3), the autho sgests that

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are

The most appropriate title for this text could be

Text 2

I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room -a women’s group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening,one man had been particlarly talkaive, feguently ofring icas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening,I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don’t talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement, He gestured toward his wife and said,“She’s the talker in our family.“The room burst into laughter, the man looked puzzled and hurt.“It’s rey”, e xplained.“When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn’t ep the conversation going,we’d spend the whole evening insilence.”

This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home.And this pattern is wrcaking havoc with marriage.

The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewed - but only a few of the men - gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 peren,that amounts to mlion of as n te Tnited Stsevery year a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.

In my own research, complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his, or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking and social arrangements. Instead,they focused on communication:“He doesn’t listen to me.““He doesn’t talk to me.” I found,as Hacker observed years before, that most wives want their husbands to be,first and foremost, conversational partners,but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.

In short,the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of i, wanting to talk.

What is most wives’ main expectation of ther usands?

Judging from the context,the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means

All of the following are true EXCEPT

Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?

In the following part immediately after this tex, the author will most probably focus on

Text 3

Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors - habits -among consumers. These habits have helped companies earm bilions of dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking, ofen in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.

“There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habi, that remain killers only becase we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,” said Dr. Curtis, the director of the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.“We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automaticlly

The companies that Dr. Curtis tumed to - Procter & Gamble, Colgate- Palmolive and Unilever- hd invested hundreds of milios of dollars indig the sbte s in consumers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.

If you look kard anugh, you’ll in ah an fr e p rort u se er dy chewing gum,kin moisturizer, disinfecing wipes, aif fehenes, water purfes, health snacks, teeh whieners, fabris ofeners, viamins are resuls f manufatured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today,because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give thei pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the oter rands.

A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started botting the prouction of farof pring, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long.Chewing gum,once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and eth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, siped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.

“Ou products succed when they become part of daily or weekly patten,s’ said Carol Berning,a consumer psychologist who recenly retired fom Procter & Camble, the company that sold S76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers ives, and it’s essential to making new products commerialy iable

Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Bemning have leamed that thre is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through nuthless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversics have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell guestionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.

Acording to Dr.Curis,habits ie hand washing with soap.

Bottled water, chewing gum and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to

Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits?

From the text we know that some of consumers’ habits are developed due to

The author’s attitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is

Text 4

Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, ineding the princpls tha aliinwhoamee imal qualifications of age and lieracy are qually competent to serve on juries, that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no ien should be denied the right to serve on a jury on acount of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns govemning themselves, ather than electing representatives to govem for them.

But as recently as in 1968, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior inteligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as carly as the 1880 case of Srauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juris provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.

The system also failed to regularly include women on juries unti the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in tah in 1898,it was not until the 1940s that a majoriy of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatially xempted women from jury system, the text centers on

From the principles of the US jury system, we leamn that

The practice of selecting so-called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed

Even in the 1960s, women were seldom on the jury list in some states because

阅读理解

Part A

Text 1

The longest bull nun in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than E70m, a record for a sale by a single artist, t was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street. Lehman Brothers,filed for bankruptcy.

The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At is peak in 2007 it was worth some S65 billion, rckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics,a research firm -double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to s50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos,greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.

In the weeks and months that followed Mr, Hirst’s sale,spending_ of any sort became deeply unfashionable.In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fll y two-thirds,and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christi’s, had to pay out nearly s200m in guarantees to cients who had placed works for sale with them.

The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon hat prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christi’s chief executive, says:“I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”

What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.The three Ds - death, debt and divorce - still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.

In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst’s sale was referred to as “a last victory” because

By saying"spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable"(Line 1-2, Para.3), the autho sgests that

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are

The most appropriate title for this text could be

Text 2

I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room -a women’s group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening,one man had been particlarly talkaive, feguently ofring icas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening,I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don’t talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement, He gestured toward his wife and said,“She’s the talker in our family.“The room burst into laughter, the man looked puzzled and hurt.“It’s rey”, e xplained.“When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn’t ep the conversation going,we’d spend the whole evening insilence.”

This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home.And this pattern is wrcaking havoc with marriage.

The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewed - but only a few of the men - gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 peren,that amounts to mlion of as n te Tnited Stsevery year a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.

In my own research, complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his, or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking and social arrangements. Instead,they focused on communication:“He doesn’t listen to me.““He doesn’t talk to me.” I found,as Hacker observed years before, that most wives want their husbands to be,first and foremost, conversational partners,but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.

In short,the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of i, wanting to talk.

What is most wives’ main expectation of ther usands?

Judging from the context,the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means

All of the following are true EXCEPT

Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?

In the following part immediately after this tex, the author will most probably focus on

Text 3

Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors - habits -among consumers. These habits have helped companies earm bilions of dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking, ofen in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.

“There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habi, that remain killers only becase we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,” said Dr. Curtis, the director of the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.“We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automaticlly

The companies that Dr. Curtis tumed to - Procter & Gamble, Colgate- Palmolive and Unilever- hd invested hundreds of milios of dollars indig the sbte s in consumers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.

If you look kard anugh, you’ll in ah an fr e p rort u se er dy chewing gum,kin moisturizer, disinfecing wipes, aif fehenes, water purfes, health snacks, teeh whieners, fabris ofeners, viamins are resuls f manufatured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today,because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give thei pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the oter rands.

A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started botting the prouction of farof pring, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long.Chewing gum,once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and eth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, siped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.

“Ou products succed when they become part of daily or weekly patten,s’ said Carol Berning,a consumer psychologist who recenly retired fom Procter & Camble, the company that sold S76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers ives, and it’s essential to making new products commerialy iable

Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Bemning have leamed that thre is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through nuthless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversics have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell guestionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.

Acording to Dr.Curis,habits ie hand washing with soap.

Bottled water, chewing gum and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to

Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits?

From the text we know that some of consumers’ habits are developed due to

The author’s attitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is

Text 4

Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, ineding the princpls tha aliinwhoamee imal qualifications of age and lieracy are qually competent to serve on juries, that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no ien should be denied the right to serve on a jury on acount of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns govemning themselves, ather than electing representatives to govem for them.

But as recently as in 1968, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior inteligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as carly as the 1880 case of Srauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juris provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.

The system also failed to regularly include women on juries unti the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in tah in 1898,it was not until the 1940s that a majoriy of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatially xempted women from jury system, the text centers on

From the principles of the US jury system, we leamn that

The practice of selecting so-called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed

Even in the 1960s, women were seldom on the jury list in some states because

Afer the Jury Selection and Service Actwas passed,

阅读理解

Part A

Text 1

The longest bull nun in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than E70m, a record for a sale by a single artist, t was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street. Lehman Brothers,filed for bankruptcy.

The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At is peak in 2007 it was worth some S65 billion, rckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics,a research firm -double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to s50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos,greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.

In the weeks and months that followed Mr, Hirst’s sale,spending_ of any sort became deeply unfashionable.In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fll y two-thirds,and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christi’s, had to pay out nearly s200m in guarantees to cients who had placed works for sale with them.

The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon hat prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christi’s chief executive, says:“I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”

What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.The three Ds - death, debt and divorce - still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.

In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst’s sale was referred to as “a last victory” because

By saying"spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable"(Line 1-2, Para.3), the autho sgests that

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are

The most appropriate title for this text could be

Text 2

I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room -a women’s group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening,one man had been particlarly talkaive, feguently ofring icas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening,I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don’t talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement, He gestured toward his wife and said,“She’s the talker in our family.“The room burst into laughter, the man looked puzzled and hurt.“It’s rey”, e xplained.“When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn’t ep the conversation going,we’d spend the whole evening insilence.”

This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home.And this pattern is wrcaking havoc with marriage.

The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewed - but only a few of the men - gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 peren,that amounts to mlion of as n te Tnited Stsevery year a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.

In my own research, complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his, or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking and social arrangements. Instead,they focused on communication:“He doesn’t listen to me.““He doesn’t talk to me.” I found,as Hacker observed years before, that most wives want their husbands to be,first and foremost, conversational partners,but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.

In short,the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of i, wanting to talk.

What is most wives’ main expectation of ther usands?

Judging from the context,the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means

All of the following are true EXCEPT

Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?

In the following part immediately after this tex, the author will most probably focus on

Text 3

Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors - habits -among consumers. These habits have helped companies earm bilions of dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking, ofen in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.

“There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habi, that remain killers only becase we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,” said Dr. Curtis, the director of the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.“We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automaticlly

The companies that Dr. Curtis tumed to - Procter & Gamble, Colgate- Palmolive and Unilever- hd invested hundreds of milios of dollars indig the sbte s in consumers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.

If you look kard anugh, you’ll in ah an fr e p rort u se er dy chewing gum,kin moisturizer, disinfecing wipes, aif fehenes, water purfes, health snacks, teeh whieners, fabris ofeners, viamins are resuls f manufatured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today,because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give thei pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the oter rands.

A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started botting the prouction of farof pring, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long.Chewing gum,once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and eth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, siped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.

“Ou products succed when they become part of daily or weekly patten,s’ said Carol Berning,a consumer psychologist who recenly retired fom Procter & Camble, the company that sold S76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers ives, and it’s essential to making new products commerialy iable

Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Bemning have leamed that thre is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through nuthless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversics have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell guestionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.

Acording to Dr.Curis,habits ie hand washing with soap.

Bottled water, chewing gum and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to

Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits?

From the text we know that some of consumers’ habits are developed due to

The author’s attitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is

Text 4

Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, ineding the princpls tha aliinwhoamee imal qualifications of age and lieracy are qually competent to serve on juries, that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no ien should be denied the right to serve on a jury on acount of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns govemning themselves, ather than electing representatives to govem for them.

But as recently as in 1968, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior inteligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as carly as the 1880 case of Srauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juris provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.

The system also failed to regularly include women on juries unti the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in tah in 1898,it was not until the 1940s that a majoriy of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatially xempted women from jury system, the text centers on

From the principles of the US jury system, we leamn that

The practice of selecting so-called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed

Even in the 1960s, women were seldom on the jury list in some states because

Afer the Jury Selection and Service Actwas passed,

n discussing the US jury system, the text centers on