2026 年真题

完形填空

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Text

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are rapidly changing every aspect of human life. The world of AI is buzzing with an exciting potential to improve and enrich our lives. $\underline{1}$ AI also has the potential hazard of $\underline{2}$ our experiences in ways we might find difficult to control. One such $\underline{3}$ is how we understand and experience beauty.

AI can be a collaborative tool in a wide range of creative endeavors. $\underline{4}$ the creation of human creativity and AI algorithms can lead to unique artistic $\underline{5}$ , that are beautiful to the human eye. These collaborations are likely to become increasingly common.

$\underline{6}$ as convenient and provocative, AI can enable virtual try-on experiences where you can $\underline{7}$ makeup, hairstyles, clothing and even cosmetic procedures $\underline{8}$ that make any physical changes. Individuals can now experiment with different looks and $\underline{9}$ their preferences potentially expanding the range of beauty ideals. AI algorithms can $\underline{10}$ facial features and skin conditions to provide personalized beauty recommendations. This $\underline{11}$ approach aims to cater to individual preferences and enhance the concept of beauty tailored to each person’s unique characteristics. $\underline{12}$ , AI can be a fun vehicle for self-discovery.

While AI offers exciting possibilities, it also raises ethical $\underline{13}$ . There is a risk of deepening social beauty $\underline{14}$ and perpetuating unattainable beauty standards. $\underline{15}$ AI-powered beauty filters and editing tools can lead to distorted self-perception and $\underline{16}$ body dissatisfaction. As summarized in a recent post “The Hidden Dangers of Online Beauty Filters”, $\underline{17}$ on this technology for social comparison can cause $\underline{18}$ body image issues, low self-esteem and social anxiety.

It is important to note that while AI can enhance our $\underline{19}$ of beauty, it should not $\underline{20}$ genuine human experience: the emotional connections we derive from seeing the beauty in each other.

完形填空

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Text

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are rapidly changing every aspect of human life. The world of AI is buzzing with an exciting potential to improve and enrich our lives. $\underline{1}$ AI also has the potential hazard of $\underline{2}$ our experiences in ways we might find difficult to control. One such $\underline{3}$ is how we understand and experience beauty.

AI can be a collaborative tool in a wide range of creative endeavors. $\underline{4}$ the creation of human creativity and AI algorithms can lead to unique artistic $\underline{5}$ , that are beautiful to the human eye. These collaborations are likely to become increasingly common.

$\underline{6}$ as convenient and provocative, AI can enable virtual try-on experiences where you can $\underline{7}$ makeup, hairstyles, clothing and even cosmetic procedures $\underline{8}$ that make any physical changes. Individuals can now experiment with different looks and $\underline{9}$ their preferences potentially expanding the range of beauty ideals. AI algorithms can $\underline{10}$ facial features and skin conditions to provide personalized beauty recommendations. This $\underline{11}$ approach aims to cater to individual preferences and enhance the concept of beauty tailored to each person’s unique characteristics. $\underline{12}$ , AI can be a fun vehicle for self-discovery.

While AI offers exciting possibilities, it also raises ethical $\underline{13}$ . There is a risk of deepening social beauty $\underline{14}$ and perpetuating unattainable beauty standards. $\underline{15}$ AI-powered beauty filters and editing tools can lead to distorted self-perception and $\underline{16}$ body dissatisfaction. As summarized in a recent post “The Hidden Dangers of Online Beauty Filters”, $\underline{17}$ on this technology for social comparison can cause $\underline{18}$ body image issues, low self-esteem and social anxiety.

It is important to note that while AI can enhance our $\underline{19}$ of beauty, it should not $\underline{20}$ genuine human experience: the emotional connections we derive from seeing the beauty in each other.

完形填空

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Text

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are rapidly changing every aspect of human life. The world of AI is buzzing with an exciting potential to improve and enrich our lives. $\underline{1}$ AI also has the potential hazard of $\underline{2}$ our experiences in ways we might find difficult to control. One such $\underline{3}$ is how we understand and experience beauty.

AI can be a collaborative tool in a wide range of creative endeavors. $\underline{4}$ the creation of human creativity and AI algorithms can lead to unique artistic $\underline{5}$ , that are beautiful to the human eye. These collaborations are likely to become increasingly common.

$\underline{6}$ as convenient and provocative, AI can enable virtual try-on experiences where you can $\underline{7}$ makeup, hairstyles, clothing and even cosmetic procedures $\underline{8}$ that make any physical changes. Individuals can now experiment with different looks and $\underline{9}$ their preferences potentially expanding the range of beauty ideals. AI algorithms can $\underline{10}$ facial features and skin conditions to provide personalized beauty recommendations. This $\underline{11}$ approach aims to cater to individual preferences and enhance the concept of beauty tailored to each person’s unique characteristics. $\underline{12}$ , AI can be a fun vehicle for self-discovery.

While AI offers exciting possibilities, it also raises ethical $\underline{13}$ . There is a risk of deepening social beauty $\underline{14}$ and perpetuating unattainable beauty standards. $\underline{15}$ AI-powered beauty filters and editing tools can lead to distorted self-perception and $\underline{16}$ body dissatisfaction. As summarized in a recent post “The Hidden Dangers of Online Beauty Filters”, $\underline{17}$ on this technology for social comparison can cause $\underline{18}$ body image issues, low self-esteem and social anxiety.

It is important to note that while AI can enhance our $\underline{19}$ of beauty, it should not $\underline{20}$ genuine human experience: the emotional connections we derive from seeing the beauty in each other.

完形填空

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Text

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are rapidly changing every aspect of human life. The world of AI is buzzing with an exciting potential to improve and enrich our lives. $\underline{1}$ AI also has the potential hazard of $\underline{2}$ our experiences in ways we might find difficult to control. One such $\underline{3}$ is how we understand and experience beauty.

AI can be a collaborative tool in a wide range of creative endeavors. $\underline{4}$ the creation of human creativity and AI algorithms can lead to unique artistic $\underline{5}$ , that are beautiful to the human eye. These collaborations are likely to become increasingly common.

$\underline{6}$ as convenient and provocative, AI can enable virtual try-on experiences where you can $\underline{7}$ makeup, hairstyles, clothing and even cosmetic procedures $\underline{8}$ that make any physical changes. Individuals can now experiment with different looks and $\underline{9}$ their preferences potentially expanding the range of beauty ideals. AI algorithms can $\underline{10}$ facial features and skin conditions to provide personalized beauty recommendations. This $\underline{11}$ approach aims to cater to individual preferences and enhance the concept of beauty tailored to each person’s unique characteristics. $\underline{12}$ , AI can be a fun vehicle for self-discovery.

While AI offers exciting possibilities, it also raises ethical $\underline{13}$ . There is a risk of deepening social beauty $\underline{14}$ and perpetuating unattainable beauty standards. $\underline{15}$ AI-powered beauty filters and editing tools can lead to distorted self-perception and $\underline{16}$ body dissatisfaction. As summarized in a recent post “The Hidden Dangers of Online Beauty Filters”, $\underline{17}$ on this technology for social comparison can cause $\underline{18}$ body image issues, low self-esteem and social anxiety.

It is important to note that while AI can enhance our $\underline{19}$ of beauty, it should not $\underline{20}$ genuine human experience: the emotional connections we derive from seeing the beauty in each other.

完形填空

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Text

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are rapidly changing every aspect of human life. The world of AI is buzzing with an exciting potential to improve and enrich our lives. $\underline{1}$ AI also has the potential hazard of $\underline{2}$ our experiences in ways we might find difficult to control. One such $\underline{3}$ is how we understand and experience beauty.

AI can be a collaborative tool in a wide range of creative endeavors. $\underline{4}$ the creation of human creativity and AI algorithms can lead to unique artistic $\underline{5}$ , that are beautiful to the human eye. These collaborations are likely to become increasingly common.

$\underline{6}$ as convenient and provocative, AI can enable virtual try-on experiences where you can $\underline{7}$ makeup, hairstyles, clothing and even cosmetic procedures $\underline{8}$ that make any physical changes. Individuals can now experiment with different looks and $\underline{9}$ their preferences potentially expanding the range of beauty ideals. AI algorithms can $\underline{10}$ facial features and skin conditions to provide personalized beauty recommendations. This $\underline{11}$ approach aims to cater to individual preferences and enhance the concept of beauty tailored to each person’s unique characteristics. $\underline{12}$ , AI can be a fun vehicle for self-discovery.

While AI offers exciting possibilities, it also raises ethical $\underline{13}$ . There is a risk of deepening social beauty $\underline{14}$ and perpetuating unattainable beauty standards. $\underline{15}$ AI-powered beauty filters and editing tools can lead to distorted self-perception and $\underline{16}$ body dissatisfaction. As summarized in a recent post “The Hidden Dangers of Online Beauty Filters”, $\underline{17}$ on this technology for social comparison can cause $\underline{18}$ body image issues, low self-esteem and social anxiety.

It is important to note that while AI can enhance our $\underline{19}$ of beauty, it should not $\underline{20}$ genuine human experience: the emotional connections we derive from seeing the beauty in each other.

完形填空

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Text

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are rapidly changing every aspect of human life. The world of AI is buzzing with an exciting potential to improve and enrich our lives. $\underline{1}$ AI also has the potential hazard of $\underline{2}$ our experiences in ways we might find difficult to control. One such $\underline{3}$ is how we understand and experience beauty.

AI can be a collaborative tool in a wide range of creative endeavors. $\underline{4}$ the creation of human creativity and AI algorithms can lead to unique artistic $\underline{5}$ , that are beautiful to the human eye. These collaborations are likely to become increasingly common.

$\underline{6}$ as convenient and provocative, AI can enable virtual try-on experiences where you can $\underline{7}$ makeup, hairstyles, clothing and even cosmetic procedures $\underline{8}$ that make any physical changes. Individuals can now experiment with different looks and $\underline{9}$ their preferences potentially expanding the range of beauty ideals. AI algorithms can $\underline{10}$ facial features and skin conditions to provide personalized beauty recommendations. This $\underline{11}$ approach aims to cater to individual preferences and enhance the concept of beauty tailored to each person’s unique characteristics. $\underline{12}$ , AI can be a fun vehicle for self-discovery.

While AI offers exciting possibilities, it also raises ethical $\underline{13}$ . There is a risk of deepening social beauty $\underline{14}$ and perpetuating unattainable beauty standards. $\underline{15}$ AI-powered beauty filters and editing tools can lead to distorted self-perception and $\underline{16}$ body dissatisfaction. As summarized in a recent post “The Hidden Dangers of Online Beauty Filters”, $\underline{17}$ on this technology for social comparison can cause $\underline{18}$ body image issues, low self-esteem and social anxiety.

It is important to note that while AI can enhance our $\underline{19}$ of beauty, it should not $\underline{20}$ genuine human experience: the emotional connections we derive from seeing the beauty in each other.

完形填空

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Text

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are rapidly changing every aspect of human life. The world of AI is buzzing with an exciting potential to improve and enrich our lives. $\underline{1}$ AI also has the potential hazard of $\underline{2}$ our experiences in ways we might find difficult to control. One such $\underline{3}$ is how we understand and experience beauty.

AI can be a collaborative tool in a wide range of creative endeavors. $\underline{4}$ the creation of human creativity and AI algorithms can lead to unique artistic $\underline{5}$ , that are beautiful to the human eye. These collaborations are likely to become increasingly common.

$\underline{6}$ as convenient and provocative, AI can enable virtual try-on experiences where you can $\underline{7}$ makeup, hairstyles, clothing and even cosmetic procedures $\underline{8}$ that make any physical changes. Individuals can now experiment with different looks and $\underline{9}$ their preferences potentially expanding the range of beauty ideals. AI algorithms can $\underline{10}$ facial features and skin conditions to provide personalized beauty recommendations. This $\underline{11}$ approach aims to cater to individual preferences and enhance the concept of beauty tailored to each person’s unique characteristics. $\underline{12}$ , AI can be a fun vehicle for self-discovery.

While AI offers exciting possibilities, it also raises ethical $\underline{13}$ . There is a risk of deepening social beauty $\underline{14}$ and perpetuating unattainable beauty standards. $\underline{15}$ AI-powered beauty filters and editing tools can lead to distorted self-perception and $\underline{16}$ body dissatisfaction. As summarized in a recent post “The Hidden Dangers of Online Beauty Filters”, $\underline{17}$ on this technology for social comparison can cause $\underline{18}$ body image issues, low self-esteem and social anxiety.

It is important to note that while AI can enhance our $\underline{19}$ of beauty, it should not $\underline{20}$ genuine human experience: the emotional connections we derive from seeing the beauty in each other.

完形填空

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Text

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are rapidly changing every aspect of human life. The world of AI is buzzing with an exciting potential to improve and enrich our lives. $\underline{1}$ AI also has the potential hazard of $\underline{2}$ our experiences in ways we might find difficult to control. One such $\underline{3}$ is how we understand and experience beauty.

AI can be a collaborative tool in a wide range of creative endeavors. $\underline{4}$ the creation of human creativity and AI algorithms can lead to unique artistic $\underline{5}$ , that are beautiful to the human eye. These collaborations are likely to become increasingly common.

$\underline{6}$ as convenient and provocative, AI can enable virtual try-on experiences where you can $\underline{7}$ makeup, hairstyles, clothing and even cosmetic procedures $\underline{8}$ that make any physical changes. Individuals can now experiment with different looks and $\underline{9}$ their preferences potentially expanding the range of beauty ideals. AI algorithms can $\underline{10}$ facial features and skin conditions to provide personalized beauty recommendations. This $\underline{11}$ approach aims to cater to individual preferences and enhance the concept of beauty tailored to each person’s unique characteristics. $\underline{12}$ , AI can be a fun vehicle for self-discovery.

While AI offers exciting possibilities, it also raises ethical $\underline{13}$ . There is a risk of deepening social beauty $\underline{14}$ and perpetuating unattainable beauty standards. $\underline{15}$ AI-powered beauty filters and editing tools can lead to distorted self-perception and $\underline{16}$ body dissatisfaction. As summarized in a recent post “The Hidden Dangers of Online Beauty Filters”, $\underline{17}$ on this technology for social comparison can cause $\underline{18}$ body image issues, low self-esteem and social anxiety.

It is important to note that while AI can enhance our $\underline{19}$ of beauty, it should not $\underline{20}$ genuine human experience: the emotional connections we derive from seeing the beauty in each other.

完形填空

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Text

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are rapidly changing every aspect of human life. The world of AI is buzzing with an exciting potential to improve and enrich our lives. $\underline{1}$ AI also has the potential hazard of $\underline{2}$ our experiences in ways we might find difficult to control. One such $\underline{3}$ is how we understand and experience beauty.

AI can be a collaborative tool in a wide range of creative endeavors. $\underline{4}$ the creation of human creativity and AI algorithms can lead to unique artistic $\underline{5}$ , that are beautiful to the human eye. These collaborations are likely to become increasingly common.

$\underline{6}$ as convenient and provocative, AI can enable virtual try-on experiences where you can $\underline{7}$ makeup, hairstyles, clothing and even cosmetic procedures $\underline{8}$ that make any physical changes. Individuals can now experiment with different looks and $\underline{9}$ their preferences potentially expanding the range of beauty ideals. AI algorithms can $\underline{10}$ facial features and skin conditions to provide personalized beauty recommendations. This $\underline{11}$ approach aims to cater to individual preferences and enhance the concept of beauty tailored to each person’s unique characteristics. $\underline{12}$ , AI can be a fun vehicle for self-discovery.

While AI offers exciting possibilities, it also raises ethical $\underline{13}$ . There is a risk of deepening social beauty $\underline{14}$ and perpetuating unattainable beauty standards. $\underline{15}$ AI-powered beauty filters and editing tools can lead to distorted self-perception and $\underline{16}$ body dissatisfaction. As summarized in a recent post “The Hidden Dangers of Online Beauty Filters”, $\underline{17}$ on this technology for social comparison can cause $\underline{18}$ body image issues, low self-esteem and social anxiety.

It is important to note that while AI can enhance our $\underline{19}$ of beauty, it should not $\underline{20}$ genuine human experience: the emotional connections we derive from seeing the beauty in each other.

完形填空

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Text

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are rapidly changing every aspect of human life. The world of AI is buzzing with an exciting potential to improve and enrich our lives. $\underline{1}$ AI also has the potential hazard of $\underline{2}$ our experiences in ways we might find difficult to control. One such $\underline{3}$ is how we understand and experience beauty.

AI can be a collaborative tool in a wide range of creative endeavors. $\underline{4}$ the creation of human creativity and AI algorithms can lead to unique artistic $\underline{5}$ , that are beautiful to the human eye. These collaborations are likely to become increasingly common.

$\underline{6}$ as convenient and provocative, AI can enable virtual try-on experiences where you can $\underline{7}$ makeup, hairstyles, clothing and even cosmetic procedures $\underline{8}$ that make any physical changes. Individuals can now experiment with different looks and $\underline{9}$ their preferences potentially expanding the range of beauty ideals. AI algorithms can $\underline{10}$ facial features and skin conditions to provide personalized beauty recommendations. This $\underline{11}$ approach aims to cater to individual preferences and enhance the concept of beauty tailored to each person’s unique characteristics. $\underline{12}$ , AI can be a fun vehicle for self-discovery.

While AI offers exciting possibilities, it also raises ethical $\underline{13}$ . There is a risk of deepening social beauty $\underline{14}$ and perpetuating unattainable beauty standards. $\underline{15}$ AI-powered beauty filters and editing tools can lead to distorted self-perception and $\underline{16}$ body dissatisfaction. As summarized in a recent post “The Hidden Dangers of Online Beauty Filters”, $\underline{17}$ on this technology for social comparison can cause $\underline{18}$ body image issues, low self-esteem and social anxiety.

It is important to note that while AI can enhance our $\underline{19}$ of beauty, it should not $\underline{20}$ genuine human experience: the emotional connections we derive from seeing the beauty in each other.

完形填空

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Text

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are rapidly changing every aspect of human life. The world of AI is buzzing with an exciting potential to improve and enrich our lives. $\underline{1}$ AI also has the potential hazard of $\underline{2}$ our experiences in ways we might find difficult to control. One such $\underline{3}$ is how we understand and experience beauty.

AI can be a collaborative tool in a wide range of creative endeavors. $\underline{4}$ the creation of human creativity and AI algorithms can lead to unique artistic $\underline{5}$ , that are beautiful to the human eye. These collaborations are likely to become increasingly common.

$\underline{6}$ as convenient and provocative, AI can enable virtual try-on experiences where you can $\underline{7}$ makeup, hairstyles, clothing and even cosmetic procedures $\underline{8}$ that make any physical changes. Individuals can now experiment with different looks and $\underline{9}$ their preferences potentially expanding the range of beauty ideals. AI algorithms can $\underline{10}$ facial features and skin conditions to provide personalized beauty recommendations. This $\underline{11}$ approach aims to cater to individual preferences and enhance the concept of beauty tailored to each person’s unique characteristics. $\underline{12}$ , AI can be a fun vehicle for self-discovery.

While AI offers exciting possibilities, it also raises ethical $\underline{13}$ . There is a risk of deepening social beauty $\underline{14}$ and perpetuating unattainable beauty standards. $\underline{15}$ AI-powered beauty filters and editing tools can lead to distorted self-perception and $\underline{16}$ body dissatisfaction. As summarized in a recent post “The Hidden Dangers of Online Beauty Filters”, $\underline{17}$ on this technology for social comparison can cause $\underline{18}$ body image issues, low self-esteem and social anxiety.

It is important to note that while AI can enhance our $\underline{19}$ of beauty, it should not $\underline{20}$ genuine human experience: the emotional connections we derive from seeing the beauty in each other.

完形填空

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Text

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are rapidly changing every aspect of human life. The world of AI is buzzing with an exciting potential to improve and enrich our lives. $\underline{1}$ AI also has the potential hazard of $\underline{2}$ our experiences in ways we might find difficult to control. One such $\underline{3}$ is how we understand and experience beauty.

AI can be a collaborative tool in a wide range of creative endeavors. $\underline{4}$ the creation of human creativity and AI algorithms can lead to unique artistic $\underline{5}$ , that are beautiful to the human eye. These collaborations are likely to become increasingly common.

$\underline{6}$ as convenient and provocative, AI can enable virtual try-on experiences where you can $\underline{7}$ makeup, hairstyles, clothing and even cosmetic procedures $\underline{8}$ that make any physical changes. Individuals can now experiment with different looks and $\underline{9}$ their preferences potentially expanding the range of beauty ideals. AI algorithms can $\underline{10}$ facial features and skin conditions to provide personalized beauty recommendations. This $\underline{11}$ approach aims to cater to individual preferences and enhance the concept of beauty tailored to each person’s unique characteristics. $\underline{12}$ , AI can be a fun vehicle for self-discovery.

While AI offers exciting possibilities, it also raises ethical $\underline{13}$ . There is a risk of deepening social beauty $\underline{14}$ and perpetuating unattainable beauty standards. $\underline{15}$ AI-powered beauty filters and editing tools can lead to distorted self-perception and $\underline{16}$ body dissatisfaction. As summarized in a recent post “The Hidden Dangers of Online Beauty Filters”, $\underline{17}$ on this technology for social comparison can cause $\underline{18}$ body image issues, low self-esteem and social anxiety.

It is important to note that while AI can enhance our $\underline{19}$ of beauty, it should not $\underline{20}$ genuine human experience: the emotional connections we derive from seeing the beauty in each other.

完形填空

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Text

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are rapidly changing every aspect of human life. The world of AI is buzzing with an exciting potential to improve and enrich our lives. $\underline{1}$ AI also has the potential hazard of $\underline{2}$ our experiences in ways we might find difficult to control. One such $\underline{3}$ is how we understand and experience beauty.

AI can be a collaborative tool in a wide range of creative endeavors. $\underline{4}$ the creation of human creativity and AI algorithms can lead to unique artistic $\underline{5}$ , that are beautiful to the human eye. These collaborations are likely to become increasingly common.

$\underline{6}$ as convenient and provocative, AI can enable virtual try-on experiences where you can $\underline{7}$ makeup, hairstyles, clothing and even cosmetic procedures $\underline{8}$ that make any physical changes. Individuals can now experiment with different looks and $\underline{9}$ their preferences potentially expanding the range of beauty ideals. AI algorithms can $\underline{10}$ facial features and skin conditions to provide personalized beauty recommendations. This $\underline{11}$ approach aims to cater to individual preferences and enhance the concept of beauty tailored to each person’s unique characteristics. $\underline{12}$ , AI can be a fun vehicle for self-discovery.

While AI offers exciting possibilities, it also raises ethical $\underline{13}$ . There is a risk of deepening social beauty $\underline{14}$ and perpetuating unattainable beauty standards. $\underline{15}$ AI-powered beauty filters and editing tools can lead to distorted self-perception and $\underline{16}$ body dissatisfaction. As summarized in a recent post “The Hidden Dangers of Online Beauty Filters”, $\underline{17}$ on this technology for social comparison can cause $\underline{18}$ body image issues, low self-esteem and social anxiety.

It is important to note that while AI can enhance our $\underline{19}$ of beauty, it should not $\underline{20}$ genuine human experience: the emotional connections we derive from seeing the beauty in each other.

完形填空

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Text

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are rapidly changing every aspect of human life. The world of AI is buzzing with an exciting potential to improve and enrich our lives. $\underline{1}$ AI also has the potential hazard of $\underline{2}$ our experiences in ways we might find difficult to control. One such $\underline{3}$ is how we understand and experience beauty.

AI can be a collaborative tool in a wide range of creative endeavors. $\underline{4}$ the creation of human creativity and AI algorithms can lead to unique artistic $\underline{5}$ , that are beautiful to the human eye. These collaborations are likely to become increasingly common.

$\underline{6}$ as convenient and provocative, AI can enable virtual try-on experiences where you can $\underline{7}$ makeup, hairstyles, clothing and even cosmetic procedures $\underline{8}$ that make any physical changes. Individuals can now experiment with different looks and $\underline{9}$ their preferences potentially expanding the range of beauty ideals. AI algorithms can $\underline{10}$ facial features and skin conditions to provide personalized beauty recommendations. This $\underline{11}$ approach aims to cater to individual preferences and enhance the concept of beauty tailored to each person’s unique characteristics. $\underline{12}$ , AI can be a fun vehicle for self-discovery.

While AI offers exciting possibilities, it also raises ethical $\underline{13}$ . There is a risk of deepening social beauty $\underline{14}$ and perpetuating unattainable beauty standards. $\underline{15}$ AI-powered beauty filters and editing tools can lead to distorted self-perception and $\underline{16}$ body dissatisfaction. As summarized in a recent post “The Hidden Dangers of Online Beauty Filters”, $\underline{17}$ on this technology for social comparison can cause $\underline{18}$ body image issues, low self-esteem and social anxiety.

It is important to note that while AI can enhance our $\underline{19}$ of beauty, it should not $\underline{20}$ genuine human experience: the emotional connections we derive from seeing the beauty in each other.

完形填空

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Text

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are rapidly changing every aspect of human life. The world of AI is buzzing with an exciting potential to improve and enrich our lives. $\underline{1}$ AI also has the potential hazard of $\underline{2}$ our experiences in ways we might find difficult to control. One such $\underline{3}$ is how we understand and experience beauty.

AI can be a collaborative tool in a wide range of creative endeavors. $\underline{4}$ the creation of human creativity and AI algorithms can lead to unique artistic $\underline{5}$ , that are beautiful to the human eye. These collaborations are likely to become increasingly common.

$\underline{6}$ as convenient and provocative, AI can enable virtual try-on experiences where you can $\underline{7}$ makeup, hairstyles, clothing and even cosmetic procedures $\underline{8}$ that make any physical changes. Individuals can now experiment with different looks and $\underline{9}$ their preferences potentially expanding the range of beauty ideals. AI algorithms can $\underline{10}$ facial features and skin conditions to provide personalized beauty recommendations. This $\underline{11}$ approach aims to cater to individual preferences and enhance the concept of beauty tailored to each person’s unique characteristics. $\underline{12}$ , AI can be a fun vehicle for self-discovery.

While AI offers exciting possibilities, it also raises ethical $\underline{13}$ . There is a risk of deepening social beauty $\underline{14}$ and perpetuating unattainable beauty standards. $\underline{15}$ AI-powered beauty filters and editing tools can lead to distorted self-perception and $\underline{16}$ body dissatisfaction. As summarized in a recent post “The Hidden Dangers of Online Beauty Filters”, $\underline{17}$ on this technology for social comparison can cause $\underline{18}$ body image issues, low self-esteem and social anxiety.

It is important to note that while AI can enhance our $\underline{19}$ of beauty, it should not $\underline{20}$ genuine human experience: the emotional connections we derive from seeing the beauty in each other.

完形填空

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Text

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are rapidly changing every aspect of human life. The world of AI is buzzing with an exciting potential to improve and enrich our lives. $\underline{1}$ AI also has the potential hazard of $\underline{2}$ our experiences in ways we might find difficult to control. One such $\underline{3}$ is how we understand and experience beauty.

AI can be a collaborative tool in a wide range of creative endeavors. $\underline{4}$ the creation of human creativity and AI algorithms can lead to unique artistic $\underline{5}$ , that are beautiful to the human eye. These collaborations are likely to become increasingly common.

$\underline{6}$ as convenient and provocative, AI can enable virtual try-on experiences where you can $\underline{7}$ makeup, hairstyles, clothing and even cosmetic procedures $\underline{8}$ that make any physical changes. Individuals can now experiment with different looks and $\underline{9}$ their preferences potentially expanding the range of beauty ideals. AI algorithms can $\underline{10}$ facial features and skin conditions to provide personalized beauty recommendations. This $\underline{11}$ approach aims to cater to individual preferences and enhance the concept of beauty tailored to each person’s unique characteristics. $\underline{12}$ , AI can be a fun vehicle for self-discovery.

While AI offers exciting possibilities, it also raises ethical $\underline{13}$ . There is a risk of deepening social beauty $\underline{14}$ and perpetuating unattainable beauty standards. $\underline{15}$ AI-powered beauty filters and editing tools can lead to distorted self-perception and $\underline{16}$ body dissatisfaction. As summarized in a recent post “The Hidden Dangers of Online Beauty Filters”, $\underline{17}$ on this technology for social comparison can cause $\underline{18}$ body image issues, low self-esteem and social anxiety.

It is important to note that while AI can enhance our $\underline{19}$ of beauty, it should not $\underline{20}$ genuine human experience: the emotional connections we derive from seeing the beauty in each other.

完形填空

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Text

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are rapidly changing every aspect of human life. The world of AI is buzzing with an exciting potential to improve and enrich our lives. $\underline{1}$ AI also has the potential hazard of $\underline{2}$ our experiences in ways we might find difficult to control. One such $\underline{3}$ is how we understand and experience beauty.

AI can be a collaborative tool in a wide range of creative endeavors. $\underline{4}$ the creation of human creativity and AI algorithms can lead to unique artistic $\underline{5}$ , that are beautiful to the human eye. These collaborations are likely to become increasingly common.

$\underline{6}$ as convenient and provocative, AI can enable virtual try-on experiences where you can $\underline{7}$ makeup, hairstyles, clothing and even cosmetic procedures $\underline{8}$ that make any physical changes. Individuals can now experiment with different looks and $\underline{9}$ their preferences potentially expanding the range of beauty ideals. AI algorithms can $\underline{10}$ facial features and skin conditions to provide personalized beauty recommendations. This $\underline{11}$ approach aims to cater to individual preferences and enhance the concept of beauty tailored to each person’s unique characteristics. $\underline{12}$ , AI can be a fun vehicle for self-discovery.

While AI offers exciting possibilities, it also raises ethical $\underline{13}$ . There is a risk of deepening social beauty $\underline{14}$ and perpetuating unattainable beauty standards. $\underline{15}$ AI-powered beauty filters and editing tools can lead to distorted self-perception and $\underline{16}$ body dissatisfaction. As summarized in a recent post “The Hidden Dangers of Online Beauty Filters”, $\underline{17}$ on this technology for social comparison can cause $\underline{18}$ body image issues, low self-esteem and social anxiety.

It is important to note that while AI can enhance our $\underline{19}$ of beauty, it should not $\underline{20}$ genuine human experience: the emotional connections we derive from seeing the beauty in each other.

完形填空

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Text

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are rapidly changing every aspect of human life. The world of AI is buzzing with an exciting potential to improve and enrich our lives. $\underline{1}$ AI also has the potential hazard of $\underline{2}$ our experiences in ways we might find difficult to control. One such $\underline{3}$ is how we understand and experience beauty.

AI can be a collaborative tool in a wide range of creative endeavors. $\underline{4}$ the creation of human creativity and AI algorithms can lead to unique artistic $\underline{5}$ , that are beautiful to the human eye. These collaborations are likely to become increasingly common.

$\underline{6}$ as convenient and provocative, AI can enable virtual try-on experiences where you can $\underline{7}$ makeup, hairstyles, clothing and even cosmetic procedures $\underline{8}$ that make any physical changes. Individuals can now experiment with different looks and $\underline{9}$ their preferences potentially expanding the range of beauty ideals. AI algorithms can $\underline{10}$ facial features and skin conditions to provide personalized beauty recommendations. This $\underline{11}$ approach aims to cater to individual preferences and enhance the concept of beauty tailored to each person’s unique characteristics. $\underline{12}$ , AI can be a fun vehicle for self-discovery.

While AI offers exciting possibilities, it also raises ethical $\underline{13}$ . There is a risk of deepening social beauty $\underline{14}$ and perpetuating unattainable beauty standards. $\underline{15}$ AI-powered beauty filters and editing tools can lead to distorted self-perception and $\underline{16}$ body dissatisfaction. As summarized in a recent post “The Hidden Dangers of Online Beauty Filters”, $\underline{17}$ on this technology for social comparison can cause $\underline{18}$ body image issues, low self-esteem and social anxiety.

It is important to note that while AI can enhance our $\underline{19}$ of beauty, it should not $\underline{20}$ genuine human experience: the emotional connections we derive from seeing the beauty in each other.

完形填空

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Text

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are rapidly changing every aspect of human life. The world of AI is buzzing with an exciting potential to improve and enrich our lives. $\underline{1}$ AI also has the potential hazard of $\underline{2}$ our experiences in ways we might find difficult to control. One such $\underline{3}$ is how we understand and experience beauty.

AI can be a collaborative tool in a wide range of creative endeavors. $\underline{4}$ the creation of human creativity and AI algorithms can lead to unique artistic $\underline{5}$ , that are beautiful to the human eye. These collaborations are likely to become increasingly common.

$\underline{6}$ as convenient and provocative, AI can enable virtual try-on experiences where you can $\underline{7}$ makeup, hairstyles, clothing and even cosmetic procedures $\underline{8}$ that make any physical changes. Individuals can now experiment with different looks and $\underline{9}$ their preferences potentially expanding the range of beauty ideals. AI algorithms can $\underline{10}$ facial features and skin conditions to provide personalized beauty recommendations. This $\underline{11}$ approach aims to cater to individual preferences and enhance the concept of beauty tailored to each person’s unique characteristics. $\underline{12}$ , AI can be a fun vehicle for self-discovery.

While AI offers exciting possibilities, it also raises ethical $\underline{13}$ . There is a risk of deepening social beauty $\underline{14}$ and perpetuating unattainable beauty standards. $\underline{15}$ AI-powered beauty filters and editing tools can lead to distorted self-perception and $\underline{16}$ body dissatisfaction. As summarized in a recent post “The Hidden Dangers of Online Beauty Filters”, $\underline{17}$ on this technology for social comparison can cause $\underline{18}$ body image issues, low self-esteem and social anxiety.

It is important to note that while AI can enhance our $\underline{19}$ of beauty, it should not $\underline{20}$ genuine human experience: the emotional connections we derive from seeing the beauty in each other.

完形填空

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Text

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are rapidly changing every aspect of human life. The world of AI is buzzing with an exciting potential to improve and enrich our lives. $\underline{1}$ AI also has the potential hazard of $\underline{2}$ our experiences in ways we might find difficult to control. One such $\underline{3}$ is how we understand and experience beauty.

AI can be a collaborative tool in a wide range of creative endeavors. $\underline{4}$ the creation of human creativity and AI algorithms can lead to unique artistic $\underline{5}$ , that are beautiful to the human eye. These collaborations are likely to become increasingly common.

$\underline{6}$ as convenient and provocative, AI can enable virtual try-on experiences where you can $\underline{7}$ makeup, hairstyles, clothing and even cosmetic procedures $\underline{8}$ that make any physical changes. Individuals can now experiment with different looks and $\underline{9}$ their preferences potentially expanding the range of beauty ideals. AI algorithms can $\underline{10}$ facial features and skin conditions to provide personalized beauty recommendations. This $\underline{11}$ approach aims to cater to individual preferences and enhance the concept of beauty tailored to each person’s unique characteristics. $\underline{12}$ , AI can be a fun vehicle for self-discovery.

While AI offers exciting possibilities, it also raises ethical $\underline{13}$ . There is a risk of deepening social beauty $\underline{14}$ and perpetuating unattainable beauty standards. $\underline{15}$ AI-powered beauty filters and editing tools can lead to distorted self-perception and $\underline{16}$ body dissatisfaction. As summarized in a recent post “The Hidden Dangers of Online Beauty Filters”, $\underline{17}$ on this technology for social comparison can cause $\underline{18}$ body image issues, low self-esteem and social anxiety.

It is important to note that while AI can enhance our $\underline{19}$ of beauty, it should not $\underline{20}$ genuine human experience: the emotional connections we derive from seeing the beauty in each other.

阅读理解

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

For thousands of years, donkeys have been critical for propelling human civilizations forward. They’ve helped pull wheeled vehicles, carry travelers and move goods across the world. But where and when these animals first became intertwined with humans has been a mystery. Now, researchers have used genomes of over 200 donkeys to trace their domestication back to a single event around 7,000 years ago in East Africa – about 3,000 years before humans tamed horses. The team published their findings in the journal Science this month.

“Through their DNA, the animals are telling their history themselves,” co-author Samantha Brooks, an equine researcher at the University of Florida, says in a statement. “We usually only get the human’s side of history through written accounts, but of course written history does not always record exactly how something happened. Looking at these DNA sequences, we get a biological testimony to the environment these animals lived in and the experiences they survived.”

The researchers examined 207 genomes from modern donkeys living in 31 countries across the globe. They also looked at genomes from 15 wild equids and 31 earlier donkeys that lived between about 4,000 and 100 years ago. The team reconstructed the animals’ evolutionary tree and used computer models to pinpoint the domestication event: when herders in Kenya and the Horn of Africa tamed wild asses. They then traced how the animals spread across the rest of the continent into Europe and Asia about 2,500 years later.

Though it’s still unclear why the original domestication happened, Science News’ Freda Kreier reports that the event coincided with the Sahara growing larger and drier. “Donkeys are champions when it comes to carrying stuff and are good at going at Paul Sabin deserts,” co-author Ludovic Orlando, an evolutionary biologist at Paul Sabin University in France, tells the publication. Prehistoric humans may have tamed donkeys’ help navigate the expanding Sahara.

Researchers say these findings could help put donkeys in the spotlight. The animals could benefit from more research: Currently, there are no published genomes from donkeys located south of the Equator in Africa. But understanding where the animals were first domesticated could guide archaeologists to a narrow region to search for insights about the original tamed donkeys.

Not only does human understanding of the equines’ genetic makeup help reveal their contribution to human history, but it also might improve their management in the future, as climate change alters the planet’s environment, write the authors.

What can be learned about donkeys from paragraph 1?

阅读理解

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

For thousands of years, donkeys have been critical for propelling human civilizations forward. They’ve helped pull wheeled vehicles, carry travelers and move goods across the world. But where and when these animals first became intertwined with humans has been a mystery. Now, researchers have used genomes of over 200 donkeys to trace their domestication back to a single event around 7,000 years ago in East Africa – about 3,000 years before humans tamed horses. The team published their findings in the journal Science this month.

“Through their DNA, the animals are telling their history themselves,” co-author Samantha Brooks, an equine researcher at the University of Florida, says in a statement. “We usually only get the human’s side of history through written accounts, but of course written history does not always record exactly how something happened. Looking at these DNA sequences, we get a biological testimony to the environment these animals lived in and the experiences they survived.”

The researchers examined 207 genomes from modern donkeys living in 31 countries across the globe. They also looked at genomes from 15 wild equids and 31 earlier donkeys that lived between about 4,000 and 100 years ago. The team reconstructed the animals’ evolutionary tree and used computer models to pinpoint the domestication event: when herders in Kenya and the Horn of Africa tamed wild asses. They then traced how the animals spread across the rest of the continent into Europe and Asia about 2,500 years later.

Though it’s still unclear why the original domestication happened, Science News’ Freda Kreier reports that the event coincided with the Sahara growing larger and drier. “Donkeys are champions when it comes to carrying stuff and are good at going at Paul Sabin deserts,” co-author Ludovic Orlando, an evolutionary biologist at Paul Sabin University in France, tells the publication. Prehistoric humans may have tamed donkeys’ help navigate the expanding Sahara.

Researchers say these findings could help put donkeys in the spotlight. The animals could benefit from more research: Currently, there are no published genomes from donkeys located south of the Equator in Africa. But understanding where the animals were first domesticated could guide archaeologists to a narrow region to search for insights about the original tamed donkeys.

Not only does human understanding of the equines’ genetic makeup help reveal their contribution to human history, but it also might improve their management in the future, as climate change alters the planet’s environment, write the authors.

What can be learned about donkeys from paragraph 1?

What message is conveyed in Brooks’ statement?

阅读理解

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

For thousands of years, donkeys have been critical for propelling human civilizations forward. They’ve helped pull wheeled vehicles, carry travelers and move goods across the world. But where and when these animals first became intertwined with humans has been a mystery. Now, researchers have used genomes of over 200 donkeys to trace their domestication back to a single event around 7,000 years ago in East Africa – about 3,000 years before humans tamed horses. The team published their findings in the journal Science this month.

“Through their DNA, the animals are telling their history themselves,” co-author Samantha Brooks, an equine researcher at the University of Florida, says in a statement. “We usually only get the human’s side of history through written accounts, but of course written history does not always record exactly how something happened. Looking at these DNA sequences, we get a biological testimony to the environment these animals lived in and the experiences they survived.”

The researchers examined 207 genomes from modern donkeys living in 31 countries across the globe. They also looked at genomes from 15 wild equids and 31 earlier donkeys that lived between about 4,000 and 100 years ago. The team reconstructed the animals’ evolutionary tree and used computer models to pinpoint the domestication event: when herders in Kenya and the Horn of Africa tamed wild asses. They then traced how the animals spread across the rest of the continent into Europe and Asia about 2,500 years later.

Though it’s still unclear why the original domestication happened, Science News’ Freda Kreier reports that the event coincided with the Sahara growing larger and drier. “Donkeys are champions when it comes to carrying stuff and are good at going at Paul Sabin deserts,” co-author Ludovic Orlando, an evolutionary biologist at Paul Sabin University in France, tells the publication. Prehistoric humans may have tamed donkeys’ help navigate the expanding Sahara.

Researchers say these findings could help put donkeys in the spotlight. The animals could benefit from more research: Currently, there are no published genomes from donkeys located south of the Equator in Africa. But understanding where the animals were first domesticated could guide archaeologists to a narrow region to search for insights about the original tamed donkeys.

Not only does human understanding of the equines’ genetic makeup help reveal their contribution to human history, but it also might improve their management in the future, as climate change alters the planet’s environment, write the authors.

What can be learned about donkeys from paragraph 1?

What message is conveyed in Brooks’ statement?

In their study, the researchers investigated how donkeys ______?

阅读理解

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

For thousands of years, donkeys have been critical for propelling human civilizations forward. They’ve helped pull wheeled vehicles, carry travelers and move goods across the world. But where and when these animals first became intertwined with humans has been a mystery. Now, researchers have used genomes of over 200 donkeys to trace their domestication back to a single event around 7,000 years ago in East Africa – about 3,000 years before humans tamed horses. The team published their findings in the journal Science this month.

“Through their DNA, the animals are telling their history themselves,” co-author Samantha Brooks, an equine researcher at the University of Florida, says in a statement. “We usually only get the human’s side of history through written accounts, but of course written history does not always record exactly how something happened. Looking at these DNA sequences, we get a biological testimony to the environment these animals lived in and the experiences they survived.”

The researchers examined 207 genomes from modern donkeys living in 31 countries across the globe. They also looked at genomes from 15 wild equids and 31 earlier donkeys that lived between about 4,000 and 100 years ago. The team reconstructed the animals’ evolutionary tree and used computer models to pinpoint the domestication event: when herders in Kenya and the Horn of Africa tamed wild asses. They then traced how the animals spread across the rest of the continent into Europe and Asia about 2,500 years later.

Though it’s still unclear why the original domestication happened, Science News’ Freda Kreier reports that the event coincided with the Sahara growing larger and drier. “Donkeys are champions when it comes to carrying stuff and are good at going at Paul Sabin deserts,” co-author Ludovic Orlando, an evolutionary biologist at Paul Sabin University in France, tells the publication. Prehistoric humans may have tamed donkeys’ help navigate the expanding Sahara.

Researchers say these findings could help put donkeys in the spotlight. The animals could benefit from more research: Currently, there are no published genomes from donkeys located south of the Equator in Africa. But understanding where the animals were first domesticated could guide archaeologists to a narrow region to search for insights about the original tamed donkeys.

Not only does human understanding of the equines’ genetic makeup help reveal their contribution to human history, but it also might improve their management in the future, as climate change alters the planet’s environment, write the authors.

What can be learned about donkeys from paragraph 1?

What message is conveyed in Brooks’ statement?

In their study, the researchers investigated how donkeys ______?

As to why the original domestication of donkeys happened, Orlando?

阅读理解

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

For thousands of years, donkeys have been critical for propelling human civilizations forward. They’ve helped pull wheeled vehicles, carry travelers and move goods across the world. But where and when these animals first became intertwined with humans has been a mystery. Now, researchers have used genomes of over 200 donkeys to trace their domestication back to a single event around 7,000 years ago in East Africa – about 3,000 years before humans tamed horses. The team published their findings in the journal Science this month.

“Through their DNA, the animals are telling their history themselves,” co-author Samantha Brooks, an equine researcher at the University of Florida, says in a statement. “We usually only get the human’s side of history through written accounts, but of course written history does not always record exactly how something happened. Looking at these DNA sequences, we get a biological testimony to the environment these animals lived in and the experiences they survived.”

The researchers examined 207 genomes from modern donkeys living in 31 countries across the globe. They also looked at genomes from 15 wild equids and 31 earlier donkeys that lived between about 4,000 and 100 years ago. The team reconstructed the animals’ evolutionary tree and used computer models to pinpoint the domestication event: when herders in Kenya and the Horn of Africa tamed wild asses. They then traced how the animals spread across the rest of the continent into Europe and Asia about 2,500 years later.

Though it’s still unclear why the original domestication happened, Science News’ Freda Kreier reports that the event coincided with the Sahara growing larger and drier. “Donkeys are champions when it comes to carrying stuff and are good at going at Paul Sabin deserts,” co-author Ludovic Orlando, an evolutionary biologist at Paul Sabin University in France, tells the publication. Prehistoric humans may have tamed donkeys’ help navigate the expanding Sahara.

Researchers say these findings could help put donkeys in the spotlight. The animals could benefit from more research: Currently, there are no published genomes from donkeys located south of the Equator in Africa. But understanding where the animals were first domesticated could guide archaeologists to a narrow region to search for insights about the original tamed donkeys.

Not only does human understanding of the equines’ genetic makeup help reveal their contribution to human history, but it also might improve their management in the future, as climate change alters the planet’s environment, write the authors.

What can be learned about donkeys from paragraph 1?

What message is conveyed in Brooks’ statement?

In their study, the researchers investigated how donkeys ______?

As to why the original domestication of donkeys happened, Orlando?

The authors think that their research could help with ____.

阅读理解

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

For thousands of years, donkeys have been critical for propelling human civilizations forward. They’ve helped pull wheeled vehicles, carry travelers and move goods across the world. But where and when these animals first became intertwined with humans has been a mystery. Now, researchers have used genomes of over 200 donkeys to trace their domestication back to a single event around 7,000 years ago in East Africa – about 3,000 years before humans tamed horses. The team published their findings in the journal Science this month.

“Through their DNA, the animals are telling their history themselves,” co-author Samantha Brooks, an equine researcher at the University of Florida, says in a statement. “We usually only get the human’s side of history through written accounts, but of course written history does not always record exactly how something happened. Looking at these DNA sequences, we get a biological testimony to the environment these animals lived in and the experiences they survived.”

The researchers examined 207 genomes from modern donkeys living in 31 countries across the globe. They also looked at genomes from 15 wild equids and 31 earlier donkeys that lived between about 4,000 and 100 years ago. The team reconstructed the animals’ evolutionary tree and used computer models to pinpoint the domestication event: when herders in Kenya and the Horn of Africa tamed wild asses. They then traced how the animals spread across the rest of the continent into Europe and Asia about 2,500 years later.

Though it’s still unclear why the original domestication happened, Science News’ Freda Kreier reports that the event coincided with the Sahara growing larger and drier. “Donkeys are champions when it comes to carrying stuff and are good at going at Paul Sabin deserts,” co-author Ludovic Orlando, an evolutionary biologist at Paul Sabin University in France, tells the publication. Prehistoric humans may have tamed donkeys’ help navigate the expanding Sahara.

Researchers say these findings could help put donkeys in the spotlight. The animals could benefit from more research: Currently, there are no published genomes from donkeys located south of the Equator in Africa. But understanding where the animals were first domesticated could guide archaeologists to a narrow region to search for insights about the original tamed donkeys.

Not only does human understanding of the equines’ genetic makeup help reveal their contribution to human history, but it also might improve their management in the future, as climate change alters the planet’s environment, write the authors.

What can be learned about donkeys from paragraph 1?

What message is conveyed in Brooks’ statement?

In their study, the researchers investigated how donkeys ______?

As to why the original domestication of donkeys happened, Orlando?

The authors think that their research could help with ____.

Text 2

There’s no business like show business – but in Los Angeles, it feels like there’s no business at all.

If that sounds melodramatic, consider this: The Art Directors Guild, a labor union representing about 3,000 film workers, has suspended a training program and issued a statement explaining that “we cannot in good conscience encourage you to pursue our profession is a reaction to Hollywood’s decline, which is reaching a critical point for the industry and Southern California.

Production has been slipping away from Hollywood since the 1950s, but the effects have never been more apparent than at present. Other regions in the United States, Canada and Europe have steadily increased incentives to attract TV shows and movies, leaving California in the dust. Georgia offers up to 30% in transferable tax credits on film and TV production costs, plus an additional 10% increase on the base tax credit if the project includes a Georgia promotional logo.

Even as California lost a huge volume of production to other locations, there was still plenty of film production taking place in Los Angeles before this year. We were kept afloat by “peak TV”, the glut of content that was required by the explosion of streaming services.

If productions in Southern California dip below a critical level for too long, the industry’s essential talent will drift away along with enormous sums of revenue. Persuading studios to film here would become much more challenging if we couldn’t after a deep bench of local film workers, on-screen talent and local businesses that support the entertainment industry.

That’s why the California Film Commission and its Los Angeles counterpart, Film LA, now should act now, before it’s too late. These agencies and other government bodies should dramatically improve incentives to keep our current shows and attract new productions to Los Angeles. Let’s go on with the show … and make sure the show doesn’t go on without us.

The Art Directors Guild’s statement reveals ________.

阅读理解

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

For thousands of years, donkeys have been critical for propelling human civilizations forward. They’ve helped pull wheeled vehicles, carry travelers and move goods across the world. But where and when these animals first became intertwined with humans has been a mystery. Now, researchers have used genomes of over 200 donkeys to trace their domestication back to a single event around 7,000 years ago in East Africa – about 3,000 years before humans tamed horses. The team published their findings in the journal Science this month.

“Through their DNA, the animals are telling their history themselves,” co-author Samantha Brooks, an equine researcher at the University of Florida, says in a statement. “We usually only get the human’s side of history through written accounts, but of course written history does not always record exactly how something happened. Looking at these DNA sequences, we get a biological testimony to the environment these animals lived in and the experiences they survived.”

The researchers examined 207 genomes from modern donkeys living in 31 countries across the globe. They also looked at genomes from 15 wild equids and 31 earlier donkeys that lived between about 4,000 and 100 years ago. The team reconstructed the animals’ evolutionary tree and used computer models to pinpoint the domestication event: when herders in Kenya and the Horn of Africa tamed wild asses. They then traced how the animals spread across the rest of the continent into Europe and Asia about 2,500 years later.

Though it’s still unclear why the original domestication happened, Science News’ Freda Kreier reports that the event coincided with the Sahara growing larger and drier. “Donkeys are champions when it comes to carrying stuff and are good at going at Paul Sabin deserts,” co-author Ludovic Orlando, an evolutionary biologist at Paul Sabin University in France, tells the publication. Prehistoric humans may have tamed donkeys’ help navigate the expanding Sahara.

Researchers say these findings could help put donkeys in the spotlight. The animals could benefit from more research: Currently, there are no published genomes from donkeys located south of the Equator in Africa. But understanding where the animals were first domesticated could guide archaeologists to a narrow region to search for insights about the original tamed donkeys.

Not only does human understanding of the equines’ genetic makeup help reveal their contribution to human history, but it also might improve their management in the future, as climate change alters the planet’s environment, write the authors.

What can be learned about donkeys from paragraph 1?

What message is conveyed in Brooks’ statement?

In their study, the researchers investigated how donkeys ______?

As to why the original domestication of donkeys happened, Orlando?

The authors think that their research could help with ____.

Text 2

There’s no business like show business – but in Los Angeles, it feels like there’s no business at all.

If that sounds melodramatic, consider this: The Art Directors Guild, a labor union representing about 3,000 film workers, has suspended a training program and issued a statement explaining that “we cannot in good conscience encourage you to pursue our profession is a reaction to Hollywood’s decline, which is reaching a critical point for the industry and Southern California.

Production has been slipping away from Hollywood since the 1950s, but the effects have never been more apparent than at present. Other regions in the United States, Canada and Europe have steadily increased incentives to attract TV shows and movies, leaving California in the dust. Georgia offers up to 30% in transferable tax credits on film and TV production costs, plus an additional 10% increase on the base tax credit if the project includes a Georgia promotional logo.

Even as California lost a huge volume of production to other locations, there was still plenty of film production taking place in Los Angeles before this year. We were kept afloat by “peak TV”, the glut of content that was required by the explosion of streaming services.

If productions in Southern California dip below a critical level for too long, the industry’s essential talent will drift away along with enormous sums of revenue. Persuading studios to film here would become much more challenging if we couldn’t after a deep bench of local film workers, on-screen talent and local businesses that support the entertainment industry.

That’s why the California Film Commission and its Los Angeles counterpart, Film LA, now should act now, before it’s too late. These agencies and other government bodies should dramatically improve incentives to keep our current shows and attract new productions to Los Angeles. Let’s go on with the show … and make sure the show doesn’t go on without us.

The Art Directors Guild’s statement reveals ________.

The example of Georgia is used to illustrate the efforts to ________.

阅读理解

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

For thousands of years, donkeys have been critical for propelling human civilizations forward. They’ve helped pull wheeled vehicles, carry travelers and move goods across the world. But where and when these animals first became intertwined with humans has been a mystery. Now, researchers have used genomes of over 200 donkeys to trace their domestication back to a single event around 7,000 years ago in East Africa – about 3,000 years before humans tamed horses. The team published their findings in the journal Science this month.

“Through their DNA, the animals are telling their history themselves,” co-author Samantha Brooks, an equine researcher at the University of Florida, says in a statement. “We usually only get the human’s side of history through written accounts, but of course written history does not always record exactly how something happened. Looking at these DNA sequences, we get a biological testimony to the environment these animals lived in and the experiences they survived.”

The researchers examined 207 genomes from modern donkeys living in 31 countries across the globe. They also looked at genomes from 15 wild equids and 31 earlier donkeys that lived between about 4,000 and 100 years ago. The team reconstructed the animals’ evolutionary tree and used computer models to pinpoint the domestication event: when herders in Kenya and the Horn of Africa tamed wild asses. They then traced how the animals spread across the rest of the continent into Europe and Asia about 2,500 years later.

Though it’s still unclear why the original domestication happened, Science News’ Freda Kreier reports that the event coincided with the Sahara growing larger and drier. “Donkeys are champions when it comes to carrying stuff and are good at going at Paul Sabin deserts,” co-author Ludovic Orlando, an evolutionary biologist at Paul Sabin University in France, tells the publication. Prehistoric humans may have tamed donkeys’ help navigate the expanding Sahara.

Researchers say these findings could help put donkeys in the spotlight. The animals could benefit from more research: Currently, there are no published genomes from donkeys located south of the Equator in Africa. But understanding where the animals were first domesticated could guide archaeologists to a narrow region to search for insights about the original tamed donkeys.

Not only does human understanding of the equines’ genetic makeup help reveal their contribution to human history, but it also might improve their management in the future, as climate change alters the planet’s environment, write the authors.

What can be learned about donkeys from paragraph 1?

What message is conveyed in Brooks’ statement?

In their study, the researchers investigated how donkeys ______?

As to why the original domestication of donkeys happened, Orlando?

The authors think that their research could help with ____.

Text 2

There’s no business like show business – but in Los Angeles, it feels like there’s no business at all.

If that sounds melodramatic, consider this: The Art Directors Guild, a labor union representing about 3,000 film workers, has suspended a training program and issued a statement explaining that “we cannot in good conscience encourage you to pursue our profession is a reaction to Hollywood’s decline, which is reaching a critical point for the industry and Southern California.

Production has been slipping away from Hollywood since the 1950s, but the effects have never been more apparent than at present. Other regions in the United States, Canada and Europe have steadily increased incentives to attract TV shows and movies, leaving California in the dust. Georgia offers up to 30% in transferable tax credits on film and TV production costs, plus an additional 10% increase on the base tax credit if the project includes a Georgia promotional logo.

Even as California lost a huge volume of production to other locations, there was still plenty of film production taking place in Los Angeles before this year. We were kept afloat by “peak TV”, the glut of content that was required by the explosion of streaming services.

If productions in Southern California dip below a critical level for too long, the industry’s essential talent will drift away along with enormous sums of revenue. Persuading studios to film here would become much more challenging if we couldn’t after a deep bench of local film workers, on-screen talent and local businesses that support the entertainment industry.

That’s why the California Film Commission and its Los Angeles counterpart, Film LA, now should act now, before it’s too late. These agencies and other government bodies should dramatically improve incentives to keep our current shows and attract new productions to Los Angeles. Let’s go on with the show … and make sure the show doesn’t go on without us.

The Art Directors Guild’s statement reveals ________.

The example of Georgia is used to illustrate the efforts to ________.

Peak TV passed its peak as ________.

阅读理解

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

For thousands of years, donkeys have been critical for propelling human civilizations forward. They’ve helped pull wheeled vehicles, carry travelers and move goods across the world. But where and when these animals first became intertwined with humans has been a mystery. Now, researchers have used genomes of over 200 donkeys to trace their domestication back to a single event around 7,000 years ago in East Africa – about 3,000 years before humans tamed horses. The team published their findings in the journal Science this month.

“Through their DNA, the animals are telling their history themselves,” co-author Samantha Brooks, an equine researcher at the University of Florida, says in a statement. “We usually only get the human’s side of history through written accounts, but of course written history does not always record exactly how something happened. Looking at these DNA sequences, we get a biological testimony to the environment these animals lived in and the experiences they survived.”

The researchers examined 207 genomes from modern donkeys living in 31 countries across the globe. They also looked at genomes from 15 wild equids and 31 earlier donkeys that lived between about 4,000 and 100 years ago. The team reconstructed the animals’ evolutionary tree and used computer models to pinpoint the domestication event: when herders in Kenya and the Horn of Africa tamed wild asses. They then traced how the animals spread across the rest of the continent into Europe and Asia about 2,500 years later.

Though it’s still unclear why the original domestication happened, Science News’ Freda Kreier reports that the event coincided with the Sahara growing larger and drier. “Donkeys are champions when it comes to carrying stuff and are good at going at Paul Sabin deserts,” co-author Ludovic Orlando, an evolutionary biologist at Paul Sabin University in France, tells the publication. Prehistoric humans may have tamed donkeys’ help navigate the expanding Sahara.

Researchers say these findings could help put donkeys in the spotlight. The animals could benefit from more research: Currently, there are no published genomes from donkeys located south of the Equator in Africa. But understanding where the animals were first domesticated could guide archaeologists to a narrow region to search for insights about the original tamed donkeys.

Not only does human understanding of the equines’ genetic makeup help reveal their contribution to human history, but it also might improve their management in the future, as climate change alters the planet’s environment, write the authors.

What can be learned about donkeys from paragraph 1?

What message is conveyed in Brooks’ statement?

In their study, the researchers investigated how donkeys ______?

As to why the original domestication of donkeys happened, Orlando?

The authors think that their research could help with ____.

Text 2

There’s no business like show business – but in Los Angeles, it feels like there’s no business at all.

If that sounds melodramatic, consider this: The Art Directors Guild, a labor union representing about 3,000 film workers, has suspended a training program and issued a statement explaining that “we cannot in good conscience encourage you to pursue our profession is a reaction to Hollywood’s decline, which is reaching a critical point for the industry and Southern California.

Production has been slipping away from Hollywood since the 1950s, but the effects have never been more apparent than at present. Other regions in the United States, Canada and Europe have steadily increased incentives to attract TV shows and movies, leaving California in the dust. Georgia offers up to 30% in transferable tax credits on film and TV production costs, plus an additional 10% increase on the base tax credit if the project includes a Georgia promotional logo.

Even as California lost a huge volume of production to other locations, there was still plenty of film production taking place in Los Angeles before this year. We were kept afloat by “peak TV”, the glut of content that was required by the explosion of streaming services.

If productions in Southern California dip below a critical level for too long, the industry’s essential talent will drift away along with enormous sums of revenue. Persuading studios to film here would become much more challenging if we couldn’t after a deep bench of local film workers, on-screen talent and local businesses that support the entertainment industry.

That’s why the California Film Commission and its Los Angeles counterpart, Film LA, now should act now, before it’s too late. These agencies and other government bodies should dramatically improve incentives to keep our current shows and attract new productions to Los Angeles. Let’s go on with the show … and make sure the show doesn’t go on without us.

The Art Directors Guild’s statement reveals ________.

The example of Georgia is used to illustrate the efforts to ________.

Peak TV passed its peak as ________.

According to paragraph 6, California’s entertainment industry might face ________.

阅读理解

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

For thousands of years, donkeys have been critical for propelling human civilizations forward. They’ve helped pull wheeled vehicles, carry travelers and move goods across the world. But where and when these animals first became intertwined with humans has been a mystery. Now, researchers have used genomes of over 200 donkeys to trace their domestication back to a single event around 7,000 years ago in East Africa – about 3,000 years before humans tamed horses. The team published their findings in the journal Science this month.

“Through their DNA, the animals are telling their history themselves,” co-author Samantha Brooks, an equine researcher at the University of Florida, says in a statement. “We usually only get the human’s side of history through written accounts, but of course written history does not always record exactly how something happened. Looking at these DNA sequences, we get a biological testimony to the environment these animals lived in and the experiences they survived.”

The researchers examined 207 genomes from modern donkeys living in 31 countries across the globe. They also looked at genomes from 15 wild equids and 31 earlier donkeys that lived between about 4,000 and 100 years ago. The team reconstructed the animals’ evolutionary tree and used computer models to pinpoint the domestication event: when herders in Kenya and the Horn of Africa tamed wild asses. They then traced how the animals spread across the rest of the continent into Europe and Asia about 2,500 years later.

Though it’s still unclear why the original domestication happened, Science News’ Freda Kreier reports that the event coincided with the Sahara growing larger and drier. “Donkeys are champions when it comes to carrying stuff and are good at going at Paul Sabin deserts,” co-author Ludovic Orlando, an evolutionary biologist at Paul Sabin University in France, tells the publication. Prehistoric humans may have tamed donkeys’ help navigate the expanding Sahara.

Researchers say these findings could help put donkeys in the spotlight. The animals could benefit from more research: Currently, there are no published genomes from donkeys located south of the Equator in Africa. But understanding where the animals were first domesticated could guide archaeologists to a narrow region to search for insights about the original tamed donkeys.

Not only does human understanding of the equines’ genetic makeup help reveal their contribution to human history, but it also might improve their management in the future, as climate change alters the planet’s environment, write the authors.

What can be learned about donkeys from paragraph 1?

What message is conveyed in Brooks’ statement?

In their study, the researchers investigated how donkeys ______?

As to why the original domestication of donkeys happened, Orlando?

The authors think that their research could help with ____.

Text 2

There’s no business like show business – but in Los Angeles, it feels like there’s no business at all.

If that sounds melodramatic, consider this: The Art Directors Guild, a labor union representing about 3,000 film workers, has suspended a training program and issued a statement explaining that “we cannot in good conscience encourage you to pursue our profession is a reaction to Hollywood’s decline, which is reaching a critical point for the industry and Southern California.

Production has been slipping away from Hollywood since the 1950s, but the effects have never been more apparent than at present. Other regions in the United States, Canada and Europe have steadily increased incentives to attract TV shows and movies, leaving California in the dust. Georgia offers up to 30% in transferable tax credits on film and TV production costs, plus an additional 10% increase on the base tax credit if the project includes a Georgia promotional logo.

Even as California lost a huge volume of production to other locations, there was still plenty of film production taking place in Los Angeles before this year. We were kept afloat by “peak TV”, the glut of content that was required by the explosion of streaming services.

If productions in Southern California dip below a critical level for too long, the industry’s essential talent will drift away along with enormous sums of revenue. Persuading studios to film here would become much more challenging if we couldn’t after a deep bench of local film workers, on-screen talent and local businesses that support the entertainment industry.

That’s why the California Film Commission and its Los Angeles counterpart, Film LA, now should act now, before it’s too late. These agencies and other government bodies should dramatically improve incentives to keep our current shows and attract new productions to Los Angeles. Let’s go on with the show … and make sure the show doesn’t go on without us.

The Art Directors Guild’s statement reveals ________.

The example of Georgia is used to illustrate the efforts to ________.

Peak TV passed its peak as ________.

According to paragraph 6, California’s entertainment industry might face ________.

The author concludes the text by emphasizing that California should strive to ________.

阅读理解

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

For thousands of years, donkeys have been critical for propelling human civilizations forward. They’ve helped pull wheeled vehicles, carry travelers and move goods across the world. But where and when these animals first became intertwined with humans has been a mystery. Now, researchers have used genomes of over 200 donkeys to trace their domestication back to a single event around 7,000 years ago in East Africa – about 3,000 years before humans tamed horses. The team published their findings in the journal Science this month.

“Through their DNA, the animals are telling their history themselves,” co-author Samantha Brooks, an equine researcher at the University of Florida, says in a statement. “We usually only get the human’s side of history through written accounts, but of course written history does not always record exactly how something happened. Looking at these DNA sequences, we get a biological testimony to the environment these animals lived in and the experiences they survived.”

The researchers examined 207 genomes from modern donkeys living in 31 countries across the globe. They also looked at genomes from 15 wild equids and 31 earlier donkeys that lived between about 4,000 and 100 years ago. The team reconstructed the animals’ evolutionary tree and used computer models to pinpoint the domestication event: when herders in Kenya and the Horn of Africa tamed wild asses. They then traced how the animals spread across the rest of the continent into Europe and Asia about 2,500 years later.

Though it’s still unclear why the original domestication happened, Science News’ Freda Kreier reports that the event coincided with the Sahara growing larger and drier. “Donkeys are champions when it comes to carrying stuff and are good at going at Paul Sabin deserts,” co-author Ludovic Orlando, an evolutionary biologist at Paul Sabin University in France, tells the publication. Prehistoric humans may have tamed donkeys’ help navigate the expanding Sahara.

Researchers say these findings could help put donkeys in the spotlight. The animals could benefit from more research: Currently, there are no published genomes from donkeys located south of the Equator in Africa. But understanding where the animals were first domesticated could guide archaeologists to a narrow region to search for insights about the original tamed donkeys.

Not only does human understanding of the equines’ genetic makeup help reveal their contribution to human history, but it also might improve their management in the future, as climate change alters the planet’s environment, write the authors.

What can be learned about donkeys from paragraph 1?

What message is conveyed in Brooks’ statement?

In their study, the researchers investigated how donkeys ______?

As to why the original domestication of donkeys happened, Orlando?

The authors think that their research could help with ____.

Text 2

There’s no business like show business – but in Los Angeles, it feels like there’s no business at all.

If that sounds melodramatic, consider this: The Art Directors Guild, a labor union representing about 3,000 film workers, has suspended a training program and issued a statement explaining that “we cannot in good conscience encourage you to pursue our profession is a reaction to Hollywood’s decline, which is reaching a critical point for the industry and Southern California.

Production has been slipping away from Hollywood since the 1950s, but the effects have never been more apparent than at present. Other regions in the United States, Canada and Europe have steadily increased incentives to attract TV shows and movies, leaving California in the dust. Georgia offers up to 30% in transferable tax credits on film and TV production costs, plus an additional 10% increase on the base tax credit if the project includes a Georgia promotional logo.

Even as California lost a huge volume of production to other locations, there was still plenty of film production taking place in Los Angeles before this year. We were kept afloat by “peak TV”, the glut of content that was required by the explosion of streaming services.

If productions in Southern California dip below a critical level for too long, the industry’s essential talent will drift away along with enormous sums of revenue. Persuading studios to film here would become much more challenging if we couldn’t after a deep bench of local film workers, on-screen talent and local businesses that support the entertainment industry.

That’s why the California Film Commission and its Los Angeles counterpart, Film LA, now should act now, before it’s too late. These agencies and other government bodies should dramatically improve incentives to keep our current shows and attract new productions to Los Angeles. Let’s go on with the show … and make sure the show doesn’t go on without us.

The Art Directors Guild’s statement reveals ________.

The example of Georgia is used to illustrate the efforts to ________.

Peak TV passed its peak as ________.

According to paragraph 6, California’s entertainment industry might face ________.

The author concludes the text by emphasizing that California should strive to ________.

Text 3

The pioneers of wireless saw it as a gift to all the people. Sir John Reith said that it would end “isolation of the spirit” and rejoiced: “It does not matter how many thousand may be listening, there is always enough for others… the genius and the fool, the wealthy and the poor listen simultaneously.”

Between two great wars this technological innovation built a new kind of national consciousness. Opening this week, a book and exhibition curated by Beatty Rubens at the Bodleian in Oxford records how radio changed everyday life from 1922 to 1939. She draws on letters, diaries and fiction, and a 1939 field notebook of verbatim audience research by Winifred Gill.

There’s fun in testimonies of people enjoying the sheer newness. A cartoon mocks a group failing to converse because they’re all in headphones. People report that broad music made workmen whistle new tunes. A woman says there have been fewer street fights since the arrival of the wireless but also less stopping and “talking on the brush handle”.

By and large the wireless was welcome. I loved the man from the Thirties research who found that wireless suddenly offered “a lot of variety … things I thought I’d never be interested in … ice hockey, perhaps”. True: for more than 80 pre-digital years, linear speech broadcasting brought the gift of serendipity, random enlivening of a car journey or dull manual task. In my own book about radio I recorded how, on one drive: “I caught up with the news, learnt some 17th-century history, and was startlingly educated by an unpretentious programme on the history of the stethoscope.”

But radio’s enriching serendipity is ebbing. With multiple networks and countless podcasts, a smartphone user selects what to hear and when. And while it is wonderful to take a walk with anything in your headphones, infinite choice encourages us to shrink into niche interests and sympathetic beliefs.

What can be learnt about wireless from Reith? _______.

阅读理解

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

For thousands of years, donkeys have been critical for propelling human civilizations forward. They’ve helped pull wheeled vehicles, carry travelers and move goods across the world. But where and when these animals first became intertwined with humans has been a mystery. Now, researchers have used genomes of over 200 donkeys to trace their domestication back to a single event around 7,000 years ago in East Africa – about 3,000 years before humans tamed horses. The team published their findings in the journal Science this month.

“Through their DNA, the animals are telling their history themselves,” co-author Samantha Brooks, an equine researcher at the University of Florida, says in a statement. “We usually only get the human’s side of history through written accounts, but of course written history does not always record exactly how something happened. Looking at these DNA sequences, we get a biological testimony to the environment these animals lived in and the experiences they survived.”

The researchers examined 207 genomes from modern donkeys living in 31 countries across the globe. They also looked at genomes from 15 wild equids and 31 earlier donkeys that lived between about 4,000 and 100 years ago. The team reconstructed the animals’ evolutionary tree and used computer models to pinpoint the domestication event: when herders in Kenya and the Horn of Africa tamed wild asses. They then traced how the animals spread across the rest of the continent into Europe and Asia about 2,500 years later.

Though it’s still unclear why the original domestication happened, Science News’ Freda Kreier reports that the event coincided with the Sahara growing larger and drier. “Donkeys are champions when it comes to carrying stuff and are good at going at Paul Sabin deserts,” co-author Ludovic Orlando, an evolutionary biologist at Paul Sabin University in France, tells the publication. Prehistoric humans may have tamed donkeys’ help navigate the expanding Sahara.

Researchers say these findings could help put donkeys in the spotlight. The animals could benefit from more research: Currently, there are no published genomes from donkeys located south of the Equator in Africa. But understanding where the animals were first domesticated could guide archaeologists to a narrow region to search for insights about the original tamed donkeys.

Not only does human understanding of the equines’ genetic makeup help reveal their contribution to human history, but it also might improve their management in the future, as climate change alters the planet’s environment, write the authors.

What can be learned about donkeys from paragraph 1?

What message is conveyed in Brooks’ statement?

In their study, the researchers investigated how donkeys ______?

As to why the original domestication of donkeys happened, Orlando?

The authors think that their research could help with ____.

Text 2

There’s no business like show business – but in Los Angeles, it feels like there’s no business at all.

If that sounds melodramatic, consider this: The Art Directors Guild, a labor union representing about 3,000 film workers, has suspended a training program and issued a statement explaining that “we cannot in good conscience encourage you to pursue our profession is a reaction to Hollywood’s decline, which is reaching a critical point for the industry and Southern California.

Production has been slipping away from Hollywood since the 1950s, but the effects have never been more apparent than at present. Other regions in the United States, Canada and Europe have steadily increased incentives to attract TV shows and movies, leaving California in the dust. Georgia offers up to 30% in transferable tax credits on film and TV production costs, plus an additional 10% increase on the base tax credit if the project includes a Georgia promotional logo.

Even as California lost a huge volume of production to other locations, there was still plenty of film production taking place in Los Angeles before this year. We were kept afloat by “peak TV”, the glut of content that was required by the explosion of streaming services.

If productions in Southern California dip below a critical level for too long, the industry’s essential talent will drift away along with enormous sums of revenue. Persuading studios to film here would become much more challenging if we couldn’t after a deep bench of local film workers, on-screen talent and local businesses that support the entertainment industry.

That’s why the California Film Commission and its Los Angeles counterpart, Film LA, now should act now, before it’s too late. These agencies and other government bodies should dramatically improve incentives to keep our current shows and attract new productions to Los Angeles. Let’s go on with the show … and make sure the show doesn’t go on without us.

The Art Directors Guild’s statement reveals ________.

The example of Georgia is used to illustrate the efforts to ________.

Peak TV passed its peak as ________.

According to paragraph 6, California’s entertainment industry might face ________.

The author concludes the text by emphasizing that California should strive to ________.

Text 3

The pioneers of wireless saw it as a gift to all the people. Sir John Reith said that it would end “isolation of the spirit” and rejoiced: “It does not matter how many thousand may be listening, there is always enough for others… the genius and the fool, the wealthy and the poor listen simultaneously.”

Between two great wars this technological innovation built a new kind of national consciousness. Opening this week, a book and exhibition curated by Beatty Rubens at the Bodleian in Oxford records how radio changed everyday life from 1922 to 1939. She draws on letters, diaries and fiction, and a 1939 field notebook of verbatim audience research by Winifred Gill.

There’s fun in testimonies of people enjoying the sheer newness. A cartoon mocks a group failing to converse because they’re all in headphones. People report that broad music made workmen whistle new tunes. A woman says there have been fewer street fights since the arrival of the wireless but also less stopping and “talking on the brush handle”.

By and large the wireless was welcome. I loved the man from the Thirties research who found that wireless suddenly offered “a lot of variety … things I thought I’d never be interested in … ice hockey, perhaps”. True: for more than 80 pre-digital years, linear speech broadcasting brought the gift of serendipity, random enlivening of a car journey or dull manual task. In my own book about radio I recorded how, on one drive: “I caught up with the news, learnt some 17th-century history, and was startlingly educated by an unpretentious programme on the history of the stethoscope.”

But radio’s enriching serendipity is ebbing. With multiple networks and countless podcasts, a smartphone user selects what to hear and when. And while it is wonderful to take a walk with anything in your headphones, infinite choice encourages us to shrink into niche interests and sympathetic beliefs.

What can be learnt about wireless from Reith? _______.

What is the theme of the exhibition at the Bodleian in Oxford? ________.

阅读理解

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

For thousands of years, donkeys have been critical for propelling human civilizations forward. They’ve helped pull wheeled vehicles, carry travelers and move goods across the world. But where and when these animals first became intertwined with humans has been a mystery. Now, researchers have used genomes of over 200 donkeys to trace their domestication back to a single event around 7,000 years ago in East Africa – about 3,000 years before humans tamed horses. The team published their findings in the journal Science this month.

“Through their DNA, the animals are telling their history themselves,” co-author Samantha Brooks, an equine researcher at the University of Florida, says in a statement. “We usually only get the human’s side of history through written accounts, but of course written history does not always record exactly how something happened. Looking at these DNA sequences, we get a biological testimony to the environment these animals lived in and the experiences they survived.”

The researchers examined 207 genomes from modern donkeys living in 31 countries across the globe. They also looked at genomes from 15 wild equids and 31 earlier donkeys that lived between about 4,000 and 100 years ago. The team reconstructed the animals’ evolutionary tree and used computer models to pinpoint the domestication event: when herders in Kenya and the Horn of Africa tamed wild asses. They then traced how the animals spread across the rest of the continent into Europe and Asia about 2,500 years later.

Though it’s still unclear why the original domestication happened, Science News’ Freda Kreier reports that the event coincided with the Sahara growing larger and drier. “Donkeys are champions when it comes to carrying stuff and are good at going at Paul Sabin deserts,” co-author Ludovic Orlando, an evolutionary biologist at Paul Sabin University in France, tells the publication. Prehistoric humans may have tamed donkeys’ help navigate the expanding Sahara.

Researchers say these findings could help put donkeys in the spotlight. The animals could benefit from more research: Currently, there are no published genomes from donkeys located south of the Equator in Africa. But understanding where the animals were first domesticated could guide archaeologists to a narrow region to search for insights about the original tamed donkeys.

Not only does human understanding of the equines’ genetic makeup help reveal their contribution to human history, but it also might improve their management in the future, as climate change alters the planet’s environment, write the authors.

What can be learned about donkeys from paragraph 1?

What message is conveyed in Brooks’ statement?

In their study, the researchers investigated how donkeys ______?

As to why the original domestication of donkeys happened, Orlando?

The authors think that their research could help with ____.

Text 2

There’s no business like show business – but in Los Angeles, it feels like there’s no business at all.

If that sounds melodramatic, consider this: The Art Directors Guild, a labor union representing about 3,000 film workers, has suspended a training program and issued a statement explaining that “we cannot in good conscience encourage you to pursue our profession is a reaction to Hollywood’s decline, which is reaching a critical point for the industry and Southern California.

Production has been slipping away from Hollywood since the 1950s, but the effects have never been more apparent than at present. Other regions in the United States, Canada and Europe have steadily increased incentives to attract TV shows and movies, leaving California in the dust. Georgia offers up to 30% in transferable tax credits on film and TV production costs, plus an additional 10% increase on the base tax credit if the project includes a Georgia promotional logo.

Even as California lost a huge volume of production to other locations, there was still plenty of film production taking place in Los Angeles before this year. We were kept afloat by “peak TV”, the glut of content that was required by the explosion of streaming services.

If productions in Southern California dip below a critical level for too long, the industry’s essential talent will drift away along with enormous sums of revenue. Persuading studios to film here would become much more challenging if we couldn’t after a deep bench of local film workers, on-screen talent and local businesses that support the entertainment industry.

That’s why the California Film Commission and its Los Angeles counterpart, Film LA, now should act now, before it’s too late. These agencies and other government bodies should dramatically improve incentives to keep our current shows and attract new productions to Los Angeles. Let’s go on with the show … and make sure the show doesn’t go on without us.

The Art Directors Guild’s statement reveals ________.

The example of Georgia is used to illustrate the efforts to ________.

Peak TV passed its peak as ________.

According to paragraph 6, California’s entertainment industry might face ________.

The author concludes the text by emphasizing that California should strive to ________.

Text 3

The pioneers of wireless saw it as a gift to all the people. Sir John Reith said that it would end “isolation of the spirit” and rejoiced: “It does not matter how many thousand may be listening, there is always enough for others… the genius and the fool, the wealthy and the poor listen simultaneously.”

Between two great wars this technological innovation built a new kind of national consciousness. Opening this week, a book and exhibition curated by Beatty Rubens at the Bodleian in Oxford records how radio changed everyday life from 1922 to 1939. She draws on letters, diaries and fiction, and a 1939 field notebook of verbatim audience research by Winifred Gill.

There’s fun in testimonies of people enjoying the sheer newness. A cartoon mocks a group failing to converse because they’re all in headphones. People report that broad music made workmen whistle new tunes. A woman says there have been fewer street fights since the arrival of the wireless but also less stopping and “talking on the brush handle”.

By and large the wireless was welcome. I loved the man from the Thirties research who found that wireless suddenly offered “a lot of variety … things I thought I’d never be interested in … ice hockey, perhaps”. True: for more than 80 pre-digital years, linear speech broadcasting brought the gift of serendipity, random enlivening of a car journey or dull manual task. In my own book about radio I recorded how, on one drive: “I caught up with the news, learnt some 17th-century history, and was startlingly educated by an unpretentious programme on the history of the stethoscope.”

But radio’s enriching serendipity is ebbing. With multiple networks and countless podcasts, a smartphone user selects what to hear and when. And while it is wonderful to take a walk with anything in your headphones, infinite choice encourages us to shrink into niche interests and sympathetic beliefs.

What can be learnt about wireless from Reith? _______.

What is the theme of the exhibition at the Bodleian in Oxford? ________.

It is indicated in Paragraph 4 that ________.

阅读理解

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

For thousands of years, donkeys have been critical for propelling human civilizations forward. They’ve helped pull wheeled vehicles, carry travelers and move goods across the world. But where and when these animals first became intertwined with humans has been a mystery. Now, researchers have used genomes of over 200 donkeys to trace their domestication back to a single event around 7,000 years ago in East Africa – about 3,000 years before humans tamed horses. The team published their findings in the journal Science this month.

“Through their DNA, the animals are telling their history themselves,” co-author Samantha Brooks, an equine researcher at the University of Florida, says in a statement. “We usually only get the human’s side of history through written accounts, but of course written history does not always record exactly how something happened. Looking at these DNA sequences, we get a biological testimony to the environment these animals lived in and the experiences they survived.”

The researchers examined 207 genomes from modern donkeys living in 31 countries across the globe. They also looked at genomes from 15 wild equids and 31 earlier donkeys that lived between about 4,000 and 100 years ago. The team reconstructed the animals’ evolutionary tree and used computer models to pinpoint the domestication event: when herders in Kenya and the Horn of Africa tamed wild asses. They then traced how the animals spread across the rest of the continent into Europe and Asia about 2,500 years later.

Though it’s still unclear why the original domestication happened, Science News’ Freda Kreier reports that the event coincided with the Sahara growing larger and drier. “Donkeys are champions when it comes to carrying stuff and are good at going at Paul Sabin deserts,” co-author Ludovic Orlando, an evolutionary biologist at Paul Sabin University in France, tells the publication. Prehistoric humans may have tamed donkeys’ help navigate the expanding Sahara.

Researchers say these findings could help put donkeys in the spotlight. The animals could benefit from more research: Currently, there are no published genomes from donkeys located south of the Equator in Africa. But understanding where the animals were first domesticated could guide archaeologists to a narrow region to search for insights about the original tamed donkeys.

Not only does human understanding of the equines’ genetic makeup help reveal their contribution to human history, but it also might improve their management in the future, as climate change alters the planet’s environment, write the authors.

What can be learned about donkeys from paragraph 1?

What message is conveyed in Brooks’ statement?

In their study, the researchers investigated how donkeys ______?

As to why the original domestication of donkeys happened, Orlando?

The authors think that their research could help with ____.

Text 2

There’s no business like show business – but in Los Angeles, it feels like there’s no business at all.

If that sounds melodramatic, consider this: The Art Directors Guild, a labor union representing about 3,000 film workers, has suspended a training program and issued a statement explaining that “we cannot in good conscience encourage you to pursue our profession is a reaction to Hollywood’s decline, which is reaching a critical point for the industry and Southern California.

Production has been slipping away from Hollywood since the 1950s, but the effects have never been more apparent than at present. Other regions in the United States, Canada and Europe have steadily increased incentives to attract TV shows and movies, leaving California in the dust. Georgia offers up to 30% in transferable tax credits on film and TV production costs, plus an additional 10% increase on the base tax credit if the project includes a Georgia promotional logo.

Even as California lost a huge volume of production to other locations, there was still plenty of film production taking place in Los Angeles before this year. We were kept afloat by “peak TV”, the glut of content that was required by the explosion of streaming services.

If productions in Southern California dip below a critical level for too long, the industry’s essential talent will drift away along with enormous sums of revenue. Persuading studios to film here would become much more challenging if we couldn’t after a deep bench of local film workers, on-screen talent and local businesses that support the entertainment industry.

That’s why the California Film Commission and its Los Angeles counterpart, Film LA, now should act now, before it’s too late. These agencies and other government bodies should dramatically improve incentives to keep our current shows and attract new productions to Los Angeles. Let’s go on with the show … and make sure the show doesn’t go on without us.

The Art Directors Guild’s statement reveals ________.

The example of Georgia is used to illustrate the efforts to ________.

Peak TV passed its peak as ________.

According to paragraph 6, California’s entertainment industry might face ________.

The author concludes the text by emphasizing that California should strive to ________.

Text 3

The pioneers of wireless saw it as a gift to all the people. Sir John Reith said that it would end “isolation of the spirit” and rejoiced: “It does not matter how many thousand may be listening, there is always enough for others… the genius and the fool, the wealthy and the poor listen simultaneously.”

Between two great wars this technological innovation built a new kind of national consciousness. Opening this week, a book and exhibition curated by Beatty Rubens at the Bodleian in Oxford records how radio changed everyday life from 1922 to 1939. She draws on letters, diaries and fiction, and a 1939 field notebook of verbatim audience research by Winifred Gill.

There’s fun in testimonies of people enjoying the sheer newness. A cartoon mocks a group failing to converse because they’re all in headphones. People report that broad music made workmen whistle new tunes. A woman says there have been fewer street fights since the arrival of the wireless but also less stopping and “talking on the brush handle”.

By and large the wireless was welcome. I loved the man from the Thirties research who found that wireless suddenly offered “a lot of variety … things I thought I’d never be interested in … ice hockey, perhaps”. True: for more than 80 pre-digital years, linear speech broadcasting brought the gift of serendipity, random enlivening of a car journey or dull manual task. In my own book about radio I recorded how, on one drive: “I caught up with the news, learnt some 17th-century history, and was startlingly educated by an unpretentious programme on the history of the stethoscope.”

But radio’s enriching serendipity is ebbing. With multiple networks and countless podcasts, a smartphone user selects what to hear and when. And while it is wonderful to take a walk with anything in your headphones, infinite choice encourages us to shrink into niche interests and sympathetic beliefs.

What can be learnt about wireless from Reith? _______.

What is the theme of the exhibition at the Bodleian in Oxford? ________.

It is indicated in Paragraph 4 that ________.

The expression “talking on the brush handle” in Paragraphs 3 and 6 refers to the act of ________.

阅读理解

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

For thousands of years, donkeys have been critical for propelling human civilizations forward. They’ve helped pull wheeled vehicles, carry travelers and move goods across the world. But where and when these animals first became intertwined with humans has been a mystery. Now, researchers have used genomes of over 200 donkeys to trace their domestication back to a single event around 7,000 years ago in East Africa – about 3,000 years before humans tamed horses. The team published their findings in the journal Science this month.

“Through their DNA, the animals are telling their history themselves,” co-author Samantha Brooks, an equine researcher at the University of Florida, says in a statement. “We usually only get the human’s side of history through written accounts, but of course written history does not always record exactly how something happened. Looking at these DNA sequences, we get a biological testimony to the environment these animals lived in and the experiences they survived.”

The researchers examined 207 genomes from modern donkeys living in 31 countries across the globe. They also looked at genomes from 15 wild equids and 31 earlier donkeys that lived between about 4,000 and 100 years ago. The team reconstructed the animals’ evolutionary tree and used computer models to pinpoint the domestication event: when herders in Kenya and the Horn of Africa tamed wild asses. They then traced how the animals spread across the rest of the continent into Europe and Asia about 2,500 years later.

Though it’s still unclear why the original domestication happened, Science News’ Freda Kreier reports that the event coincided with the Sahara growing larger and drier. “Donkeys are champions when it comes to carrying stuff and are good at going at Paul Sabin deserts,” co-author Ludovic Orlando, an evolutionary biologist at Paul Sabin University in France, tells the publication. Prehistoric humans may have tamed donkeys’ help navigate the expanding Sahara.

Researchers say these findings could help put donkeys in the spotlight. The animals could benefit from more research: Currently, there are no published genomes from donkeys located south of the Equator in Africa. But understanding where the animals were first domesticated could guide archaeologists to a narrow region to search for insights about the original tamed donkeys.

Not only does human understanding of the equines’ genetic makeup help reveal their contribution to human history, but it also might improve their management in the future, as climate change alters the planet’s environment, write the authors.

What can be learned about donkeys from paragraph 1?

What message is conveyed in Brooks’ statement?

In their study, the researchers investigated how donkeys ______?

As to why the original domestication of donkeys happened, Orlando?

The authors think that their research could help with ____.

Text 2

There’s no business like show business – but in Los Angeles, it feels like there’s no business at all.

If that sounds melodramatic, consider this: The Art Directors Guild, a labor union representing about 3,000 film workers, has suspended a training program and issued a statement explaining that “we cannot in good conscience encourage you to pursue our profession is a reaction to Hollywood’s decline, which is reaching a critical point for the industry and Southern California.

Production has been slipping away from Hollywood since the 1950s, but the effects have never been more apparent than at present. Other regions in the United States, Canada and Europe have steadily increased incentives to attract TV shows and movies, leaving California in the dust. Georgia offers up to 30% in transferable tax credits on film and TV production costs, plus an additional 10% increase on the base tax credit if the project includes a Georgia promotional logo.

Even as California lost a huge volume of production to other locations, there was still plenty of film production taking place in Los Angeles before this year. We were kept afloat by “peak TV”, the glut of content that was required by the explosion of streaming services.

If productions in Southern California dip below a critical level for too long, the industry’s essential talent will drift away along with enormous sums of revenue. Persuading studios to film here would become much more challenging if we couldn’t after a deep bench of local film workers, on-screen talent and local businesses that support the entertainment industry.

That’s why the California Film Commission and its Los Angeles counterpart, Film LA, now should act now, before it’s too late. These agencies and other government bodies should dramatically improve incentives to keep our current shows and attract new productions to Los Angeles. Let’s go on with the show … and make sure the show doesn’t go on without us.

The Art Directors Guild’s statement reveals ________.

The example of Georgia is used to illustrate the efforts to ________.

Peak TV passed its peak as ________.

According to paragraph 6, California’s entertainment industry might face ________.

The author concludes the text by emphasizing that California should strive to ________.

Text 3

The pioneers of wireless saw it as a gift to all the people. Sir John Reith said that it would end “isolation of the spirit” and rejoiced: “It does not matter how many thousand may be listening, there is always enough for others… the genius and the fool, the wealthy and the poor listen simultaneously.”

Between two great wars this technological innovation built a new kind of national consciousness. Opening this week, a book and exhibition curated by Beatty Rubens at the Bodleian in Oxford records how radio changed everyday life from 1922 to 1939. She draws on letters, diaries and fiction, and a 1939 field notebook of verbatim audience research by Winifred Gill.

There’s fun in testimonies of people enjoying the sheer newness. A cartoon mocks a group failing to converse because they’re all in headphones. People report that broad music made workmen whistle new tunes. A woman says there have been fewer street fights since the arrival of the wireless but also less stopping and “talking on the brush handle”.

By and large the wireless was welcome. I loved the man from the Thirties research who found that wireless suddenly offered “a lot of variety … things I thought I’d never be interested in … ice hockey, perhaps”. True: for more than 80 pre-digital years, linear speech broadcasting brought the gift of serendipity, random enlivening of a car journey or dull manual task. In my own book about radio I recorded how, on one drive: “I caught up with the news, learnt some 17th-century history, and was startlingly educated by an unpretentious programme on the history of the stethoscope.”

But radio’s enriching serendipity is ebbing. With multiple networks and countless podcasts, a smartphone user selects what to hear and when. And while it is wonderful to take a walk with anything in your headphones, infinite choice encourages us to shrink into niche interests and sympathetic beliefs.

What can be learnt about wireless from Reith? _______.

What is the theme of the exhibition at the Bodleian in Oxford? ________.

It is indicated in Paragraph 4 that ________.

The expression “talking on the brush handle” in Paragraphs 3 and 6 refers to the act of ________.

In the last paragraph, the author intends to express the opinion that ________.

阅读理解

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

For thousands of years, donkeys have been critical for propelling human civilizations forward. They’ve helped pull wheeled vehicles, carry travelers and move goods across the world. But where and when these animals first became intertwined with humans has been a mystery. Now, researchers have used genomes of over 200 donkeys to trace their domestication back to a single event around 7,000 years ago in East Africa – about 3,000 years before humans tamed horses. The team published their findings in the journal Science this month.

“Through their DNA, the animals are telling their history themselves,” co-author Samantha Brooks, an equine researcher at the University of Florida, says in a statement. “We usually only get the human’s side of history through written accounts, but of course written history does not always record exactly how something happened. Looking at these DNA sequences, we get a biological testimony to the environment these animals lived in and the experiences they survived.”

The researchers examined 207 genomes from modern donkeys living in 31 countries across the globe. They also looked at genomes from 15 wild equids and 31 earlier donkeys that lived between about 4,000 and 100 years ago. The team reconstructed the animals’ evolutionary tree and used computer models to pinpoint the domestication event: when herders in Kenya and the Horn of Africa tamed wild asses. They then traced how the animals spread across the rest of the continent into Europe and Asia about 2,500 years later.

Though it’s still unclear why the original domestication happened, Science News’ Freda Kreier reports that the event coincided with the Sahara growing larger and drier. “Donkeys are champions when it comes to carrying stuff and are good at going at Paul Sabin deserts,” co-author Ludovic Orlando, an evolutionary biologist at Paul Sabin University in France, tells the publication. Prehistoric humans may have tamed donkeys’ help navigate the expanding Sahara.

Researchers say these findings could help put donkeys in the spotlight. The animals could benefit from more research: Currently, there are no published genomes from donkeys located south of the Equator in Africa. But understanding where the animals were first domesticated could guide archaeologists to a narrow region to search for insights about the original tamed donkeys.

Not only does human understanding of the equines’ genetic makeup help reveal their contribution to human history, but it also might improve their management in the future, as climate change alters the planet’s environment, write the authors.

What can be learned about donkeys from paragraph 1?

What message is conveyed in Brooks’ statement?

In their study, the researchers investigated how donkeys ______?

As to why the original domestication of donkeys happened, Orlando?

The authors think that their research could help with ____.

Text 2

There’s no business like show business – but in Los Angeles, it feels like there’s no business at all.

If that sounds melodramatic, consider this: The Art Directors Guild, a labor union representing about 3,000 film workers, has suspended a training program and issued a statement explaining that “we cannot in good conscience encourage you to pursue our profession is a reaction to Hollywood’s decline, which is reaching a critical point for the industry and Southern California.

Production has been slipping away from Hollywood since the 1950s, but the effects have never been more apparent than at present. Other regions in the United States, Canada and Europe have steadily increased incentives to attract TV shows and movies, leaving California in the dust. Georgia offers up to 30% in transferable tax credits on film and TV production costs, plus an additional 10% increase on the base tax credit if the project includes a Georgia promotional logo.

Even as California lost a huge volume of production to other locations, there was still plenty of film production taking place in Los Angeles before this year. We were kept afloat by “peak TV”, the glut of content that was required by the explosion of streaming services.

If productions in Southern California dip below a critical level for too long, the industry’s essential talent will drift away along with enormous sums of revenue. Persuading studios to film here would become much more challenging if we couldn’t after a deep bench of local film workers, on-screen talent and local businesses that support the entertainment industry.

That’s why the California Film Commission and its Los Angeles counterpart, Film LA, now should act now, before it’s too late. These agencies and other government bodies should dramatically improve incentives to keep our current shows and attract new productions to Los Angeles. Let’s go on with the show … and make sure the show doesn’t go on without us.

The Art Directors Guild’s statement reveals ________.

The example of Georgia is used to illustrate the efforts to ________.

Peak TV passed its peak as ________.

According to paragraph 6, California’s entertainment industry might face ________.

The author concludes the text by emphasizing that California should strive to ________.

Text 3

The pioneers of wireless saw it as a gift to all the people. Sir John Reith said that it would end “isolation of the spirit” and rejoiced: “It does not matter how many thousand may be listening, there is always enough for others… the genius and the fool, the wealthy and the poor listen simultaneously.”

Between two great wars this technological innovation built a new kind of national consciousness. Opening this week, a book and exhibition curated by Beatty Rubens at the Bodleian in Oxford records how radio changed everyday life from 1922 to 1939. She draws on letters, diaries and fiction, and a 1939 field notebook of verbatim audience research by Winifred Gill.

There’s fun in testimonies of people enjoying the sheer newness. A cartoon mocks a group failing to converse because they’re all in headphones. People report that broad music made workmen whistle new tunes. A woman says there have been fewer street fights since the arrival of the wireless but also less stopping and “talking on the brush handle”.

By and large the wireless was welcome. I loved the man from the Thirties research who found that wireless suddenly offered “a lot of variety … things I thought I’d never be interested in … ice hockey, perhaps”. True: for more than 80 pre-digital years, linear speech broadcasting brought the gift of serendipity, random enlivening of a car journey or dull manual task. In my own book about radio I recorded how, on one drive: “I caught up with the news, learnt some 17th-century history, and was startlingly educated by an unpretentious programme on the history of the stethoscope.”

But radio’s enriching serendipity is ebbing. With multiple networks and countless podcasts, a smartphone user selects what to hear and when. And while it is wonderful to take a walk with anything in your headphones, infinite choice encourages us to shrink into niche interests and sympathetic beliefs.

What can be learnt about wireless from Reith? _______.

What is the theme of the exhibition at the Bodleian in Oxford? ________.

It is indicated in Paragraph 4 that ________.

The expression “talking on the brush handle” in Paragraphs 3 and 6 refers to the act of ________.

In the last paragraph, the author intends to express the opinion that ________.

Text 4

When Tom Swetnam joined the U.S. Forest Service in the 1970s, his mandate was to “put everything out,” he recalled. But when Swetnam enrolled in graduate school at the University of Arizona’s Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, he was surprised to find a record of repeated blazes dating back hundreds of years before European colonists arrived on the continent. Some of the trees he analyzed bore more than 20 fire scars among their rings.

The fact that fires happened so often meant they couldn’t have been severe enough to kill most trees. Instead, a growing body of research showed that frequent, low-severity fires made many ecosystems healthier. They rid the forest of dead and sick trees, reducing competition and curbing the spread of disease. Because flammable material couldn’t build up on the landscape, blazes tended to move slowly and peter out when they reached the footprints of previous burns.

In 2022, Swetnam and other scientists teamed up to compile a database of fire-scarred trees from across the continent. Their North American tree-ring fire-scar network (NAFSN) provided the basis for a study published last month. In the study, the researchers compared the historical fire cadence with the wildfires recorded over the past few decades, and uncovered a striking shortfall. The NAFSN sites experienced less than a quarter of the number of fires that would have been expected without fire suppression.

This deficit is a testament to the effectiveness of modern firefighting, said Kelly Martin, a past president of the International Association of Wildland Fire. “Yet the combined consequences of suppression and climate change have eroded humanity’s ability to suppress fires, particularly those that ignite under the most dangerous weather conditions.

To prevent entire ecosystems from going up in smoke, Martin said, people must bring healthy fire back to places that need it. At Yosemite National Park, Martin oversaw the use of what is known as prescribed burns to make the landscape more “resilient.” These fires were carefully planned and intentionally ignited during periods when weather kept the blazes easy to control, and helped eliminate some of the fuel that had built up around the important park’s facilities. Research shows that these prescribed burns make subsequent wildfires less severe, even if later fires happen under the most dangerous weather conditions.

Yet even as scientists and public officials increasingly agree on the need for more fires in our forests, climate change is making this tactic more challenging, experts said. “It’s a double-edged sword because wildfires are getting more severe and larger under climate change and we need this work even more, but then the work gets more challenging,” said Susan Prichard, a fire ecologist at the University of Washington.

According to Paragraph 1, Swetnam was surprised by ________.

阅读理解

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

For thousands of years, donkeys have been critical for propelling human civilizations forward. They’ve helped pull wheeled vehicles, carry travelers and move goods across the world. But where and when these animals first became intertwined with humans has been a mystery. Now, researchers have used genomes of over 200 donkeys to trace their domestication back to a single event around 7,000 years ago in East Africa – about 3,000 years before humans tamed horses. The team published their findings in the journal Science this month.

“Through their DNA, the animals are telling their history themselves,” co-author Samantha Brooks, an equine researcher at the University of Florida, says in a statement. “We usually only get the human’s side of history through written accounts, but of course written history does not always record exactly how something happened. Looking at these DNA sequences, we get a biological testimony to the environment these animals lived in and the experiences they survived.”

The researchers examined 207 genomes from modern donkeys living in 31 countries across the globe. They also looked at genomes from 15 wild equids and 31 earlier donkeys that lived between about 4,000 and 100 years ago. The team reconstructed the animals’ evolutionary tree and used computer models to pinpoint the domestication event: when herders in Kenya and the Horn of Africa tamed wild asses. They then traced how the animals spread across the rest of the continent into Europe and Asia about 2,500 years later.

Though it’s still unclear why the original domestication happened, Science News’ Freda Kreier reports that the event coincided with the Sahara growing larger and drier. “Donkeys are champions when it comes to carrying stuff and are good at going at Paul Sabin deserts,” co-author Ludovic Orlando, an evolutionary biologist at Paul Sabin University in France, tells the publication. Prehistoric humans may have tamed donkeys’ help navigate the expanding Sahara.

Researchers say these findings could help put donkeys in the spotlight. The animals could benefit from more research: Currently, there are no published genomes from donkeys located south of the Equator in Africa. But understanding where the animals were first domesticated could guide archaeologists to a narrow region to search for insights about the original tamed donkeys.

Not only does human understanding of the equines’ genetic makeup help reveal their contribution to human history, but it also might improve their management in the future, as climate change alters the planet’s environment, write the authors.

What can be learned about donkeys from paragraph 1?

What message is conveyed in Brooks’ statement?

In their study, the researchers investigated how donkeys ______?

As to why the original domestication of donkeys happened, Orlando?

The authors think that their research could help with ____.

Text 2

There’s no business like show business – but in Los Angeles, it feels like there’s no business at all.

If that sounds melodramatic, consider this: The Art Directors Guild, a labor union representing about 3,000 film workers, has suspended a training program and issued a statement explaining that “we cannot in good conscience encourage you to pursue our profession is a reaction to Hollywood’s decline, which is reaching a critical point for the industry and Southern California.

Production has been slipping away from Hollywood since the 1950s, but the effects have never been more apparent than at present. Other regions in the United States, Canada and Europe have steadily increased incentives to attract TV shows and movies, leaving California in the dust. Georgia offers up to 30% in transferable tax credits on film and TV production costs, plus an additional 10% increase on the base tax credit if the project includes a Georgia promotional logo.

Even as California lost a huge volume of production to other locations, there was still plenty of film production taking place in Los Angeles before this year. We were kept afloat by “peak TV”, the glut of content that was required by the explosion of streaming services.

If productions in Southern California dip below a critical level for too long, the industry’s essential talent will drift away along with enormous sums of revenue. Persuading studios to film here would become much more challenging if we couldn’t after a deep bench of local film workers, on-screen talent and local businesses that support the entertainment industry.

That’s why the California Film Commission and its Los Angeles counterpart, Film LA, now should act now, before it’s too late. These agencies and other government bodies should dramatically improve incentives to keep our current shows and attract new productions to Los Angeles. Let’s go on with the show … and make sure the show doesn’t go on without us.

The Art Directors Guild’s statement reveals ________.

The example of Georgia is used to illustrate the efforts to ________.

Peak TV passed its peak as ________.

According to paragraph 6, California’s entertainment industry might face ________.

The author concludes the text by emphasizing that California should strive to ________.

Text 3

The pioneers of wireless saw it as a gift to all the people. Sir John Reith said that it would end “isolation of the spirit” and rejoiced: “It does not matter how many thousand may be listening, there is always enough for others… the genius and the fool, the wealthy and the poor listen simultaneously.”

Between two great wars this technological innovation built a new kind of national consciousness. Opening this week, a book and exhibition curated by Beatty Rubens at the Bodleian in Oxford records how radio changed everyday life from 1922 to 1939. She draws on letters, diaries and fiction, and a 1939 field notebook of verbatim audience research by Winifred Gill.

There’s fun in testimonies of people enjoying the sheer newness. A cartoon mocks a group failing to converse because they’re all in headphones. People report that broad music made workmen whistle new tunes. A woman says there have been fewer street fights since the arrival of the wireless but also less stopping and “talking on the brush handle”.

By and large the wireless was welcome. I loved the man from the Thirties research who found that wireless suddenly offered “a lot of variety … things I thought I’d never be interested in … ice hockey, perhaps”. True: for more than 80 pre-digital years, linear speech broadcasting brought the gift of serendipity, random enlivening of a car journey or dull manual task. In my own book about radio I recorded how, on one drive: “I caught up with the news, learnt some 17th-century history, and was startlingly educated by an unpretentious programme on the history of the stethoscope.”

But radio’s enriching serendipity is ebbing. With multiple networks and countless podcasts, a smartphone user selects what to hear and when. And while it is wonderful to take a walk with anything in your headphones, infinite choice encourages us to shrink into niche interests and sympathetic beliefs.

What can be learnt about wireless from Reith? _______.

What is the theme of the exhibition at the Bodleian in Oxford? ________.

It is indicated in Paragraph 4 that ________.

The expression “talking on the brush handle” in Paragraphs 3 and 6 refers to the act of ________.

In the last paragraph, the author intends to express the opinion that ________.

Text 4

When Tom Swetnam joined the U.S. Forest Service in the 1970s, his mandate was to “put everything out,” he recalled. But when Swetnam enrolled in graduate school at the University of Arizona’s Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, he was surprised to find a record of repeated blazes dating back hundreds of years before European colonists arrived on the continent. Some of the trees he analyzed bore more than 20 fire scars among their rings.

The fact that fires happened so often meant they couldn’t have been severe enough to kill most trees. Instead, a growing body of research showed that frequent, low-severity fires made many ecosystems healthier. They rid the forest of dead and sick trees, reducing competition and curbing the spread of disease. Because flammable material couldn’t build up on the landscape, blazes tended to move slowly and peter out when they reached the footprints of previous burns.

In 2022, Swetnam and other scientists teamed up to compile a database of fire-scarred trees from across the continent. Their North American tree-ring fire-scar network (NAFSN) provided the basis for a study published last month. In the study, the researchers compared the historical fire cadence with the wildfires recorded over the past few decades, and uncovered a striking shortfall. The NAFSN sites experienced less than a quarter of the number of fires that would have been expected without fire suppression.

This deficit is a testament to the effectiveness of modern firefighting, said Kelly Martin, a past president of the International Association of Wildland Fire. “Yet the combined consequences of suppression and climate change have eroded humanity’s ability to suppress fires, particularly those that ignite under the most dangerous weather conditions.

To prevent entire ecosystems from going up in smoke, Martin said, people must bring healthy fire back to places that need it. At Yosemite National Park, Martin oversaw the use of what is known as prescribed burns to make the landscape more “resilient.” These fires were carefully planned and intentionally ignited during periods when weather kept the blazes easy to control, and helped eliminate some of the fuel that had built up around the important park’s facilities. Research shows that these prescribed burns make subsequent wildfires less severe, even if later fires happen under the most dangerous weather conditions.

Yet even as scientists and public officials increasingly agree on the need for more fires in our forests, climate change is making this tactic more challenging, experts said. “It’s a double-edged sword because wildfires are getting more severe and larger under climate change and we need this work even more, but then the work gets more challenging,” said Susan Prichard, a fire ecologist at the University of Washington.

According to Paragraph 1, Swetnam was surprised by ________.

Paragraph 2 mainly focuses on ________.

阅读理解

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

For thousands of years, donkeys have been critical for propelling human civilizations forward. They’ve helped pull wheeled vehicles, carry travelers and move goods across the world. But where and when these animals first became intertwined with humans has been a mystery. Now, researchers have used genomes of over 200 donkeys to trace their domestication back to a single event around 7,000 years ago in East Africa – about 3,000 years before humans tamed horses. The team published their findings in the journal Science this month.

“Through their DNA, the animals are telling their history themselves,” co-author Samantha Brooks, an equine researcher at the University of Florida, says in a statement. “We usually only get the human’s side of history through written accounts, but of course written history does not always record exactly how something happened. Looking at these DNA sequences, we get a biological testimony to the environment these animals lived in and the experiences they survived.”

The researchers examined 207 genomes from modern donkeys living in 31 countries across the globe. They also looked at genomes from 15 wild equids and 31 earlier donkeys that lived between about 4,000 and 100 years ago. The team reconstructed the animals’ evolutionary tree and used computer models to pinpoint the domestication event: when herders in Kenya and the Horn of Africa tamed wild asses. They then traced how the animals spread across the rest of the continent into Europe and Asia about 2,500 years later.

Though it’s still unclear why the original domestication happened, Science News’ Freda Kreier reports that the event coincided with the Sahara growing larger and drier. “Donkeys are champions when it comes to carrying stuff and are good at going at Paul Sabin deserts,” co-author Ludovic Orlando, an evolutionary biologist at Paul Sabin University in France, tells the publication. Prehistoric humans may have tamed donkeys’ help navigate the expanding Sahara.

Researchers say these findings could help put donkeys in the spotlight. The animals could benefit from more research: Currently, there are no published genomes from donkeys located south of the Equator in Africa. But understanding where the animals were first domesticated could guide archaeologists to a narrow region to search for insights about the original tamed donkeys.

Not only does human understanding of the equines’ genetic makeup help reveal their contribution to human history, but it also might improve their management in the future, as climate change alters the planet’s environment, write the authors.

What can be learned about donkeys from paragraph 1?

What message is conveyed in Brooks’ statement?

In their study, the researchers investigated how donkeys ______?

As to why the original domestication of donkeys happened, Orlando?

The authors think that their research could help with ____.

Text 2

There’s no business like show business – but in Los Angeles, it feels like there’s no business at all.

If that sounds melodramatic, consider this: The Art Directors Guild, a labor union representing about 3,000 film workers, has suspended a training program and issued a statement explaining that “we cannot in good conscience encourage you to pursue our profession is a reaction to Hollywood’s decline, which is reaching a critical point for the industry and Southern California.

Production has been slipping away from Hollywood since the 1950s, but the effects have never been more apparent than at present. Other regions in the United States, Canada and Europe have steadily increased incentives to attract TV shows and movies, leaving California in the dust. Georgia offers up to 30% in transferable tax credits on film and TV production costs, plus an additional 10% increase on the base tax credit if the project includes a Georgia promotional logo.

Even as California lost a huge volume of production to other locations, there was still plenty of film production taking place in Los Angeles before this year. We were kept afloat by “peak TV”, the glut of content that was required by the explosion of streaming services.

If productions in Southern California dip below a critical level for too long, the industry’s essential talent will drift away along with enormous sums of revenue. Persuading studios to film here would become much more challenging if we couldn’t after a deep bench of local film workers, on-screen talent and local businesses that support the entertainment industry.

That’s why the California Film Commission and its Los Angeles counterpart, Film LA, now should act now, before it’s too late. These agencies and other government bodies should dramatically improve incentives to keep our current shows and attract new productions to Los Angeles. Let’s go on with the show … and make sure the show doesn’t go on without us.

The Art Directors Guild’s statement reveals ________.

The example of Georgia is used to illustrate the efforts to ________.

Peak TV passed its peak as ________.

According to paragraph 6, California’s entertainment industry might face ________.

The author concludes the text by emphasizing that California should strive to ________.

Text 3

The pioneers of wireless saw it as a gift to all the people. Sir John Reith said that it would end “isolation of the spirit” and rejoiced: “It does not matter how many thousand may be listening, there is always enough for others… the genius and the fool, the wealthy and the poor listen simultaneously.”

Between two great wars this technological innovation built a new kind of national consciousness. Opening this week, a book and exhibition curated by Beatty Rubens at the Bodleian in Oxford records how radio changed everyday life from 1922 to 1939. She draws on letters, diaries and fiction, and a 1939 field notebook of verbatim audience research by Winifred Gill.

There’s fun in testimonies of people enjoying the sheer newness. A cartoon mocks a group failing to converse because they’re all in headphones. People report that broad music made workmen whistle new tunes. A woman says there have been fewer street fights since the arrival of the wireless but also less stopping and “talking on the brush handle”.

By and large the wireless was welcome. I loved the man from the Thirties research who found that wireless suddenly offered “a lot of variety … things I thought I’d never be interested in … ice hockey, perhaps”. True: for more than 80 pre-digital years, linear speech broadcasting brought the gift of serendipity, random enlivening of a car journey or dull manual task. In my own book about radio I recorded how, on one drive: “I caught up with the news, learnt some 17th-century history, and was startlingly educated by an unpretentious programme on the history of the stethoscope.”

But radio’s enriching serendipity is ebbing. With multiple networks and countless podcasts, a smartphone user selects what to hear and when. And while it is wonderful to take a walk with anything in your headphones, infinite choice encourages us to shrink into niche interests and sympathetic beliefs.

What can be learnt about wireless from Reith? _______.

What is the theme of the exhibition at the Bodleian in Oxford? ________.

It is indicated in Paragraph 4 that ________.

The expression “talking on the brush handle” in Paragraphs 3 and 6 refers to the act of ________.

In the last paragraph, the author intends to express the opinion that ________.

Text 4

When Tom Swetnam joined the U.S. Forest Service in the 1970s, his mandate was to “put everything out,” he recalled. But when Swetnam enrolled in graduate school at the University of Arizona’s Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, he was surprised to find a record of repeated blazes dating back hundreds of years before European colonists arrived on the continent. Some of the trees he analyzed bore more than 20 fire scars among their rings.

The fact that fires happened so often meant they couldn’t have been severe enough to kill most trees. Instead, a growing body of research showed that frequent, low-severity fires made many ecosystems healthier. They rid the forest of dead and sick trees, reducing competition and curbing the spread of disease. Because flammable material couldn’t build up on the landscape, blazes tended to move slowly and peter out when they reached the footprints of previous burns.

In 2022, Swetnam and other scientists teamed up to compile a database of fire-scarred trees from across the continent. Their North American tree-ring fire-scar network (NAFSN) provided the basis for a study published last month. In the study, the researchers compared the historical fire cadence with the wildfires recorded over the past few decades, and uncovered a striking shortfall. The NAFSN sites experienced less than a quarter of the number of fires that would have been expected without fire suppression.

This deficit is a testament to the effectiveness of modern firefighting, said Kelly Martin, a past president of the International Association of Wildland Fire. “Yet the combined consequences of suppression and climate change have eroded humanity’s ability to suppress fires, particularly those that ignite under the most dangerous weather conditions.

To prevent entire ecosystems from going up in smoke, Martin said, people must bring healthy fire back to places that need it. At Yosemite National Park, Martin oversaw the use of what is known as prescribed burns to make the landscape more “resilient.” These fires were carefully planned and intentionally ignited during periods when weather kept the blazes easy to control, and helped eliminate some of the fuel that had built up around the important park’s facilities. Research shows that these prescribed burns make subsequent wildfires less severe, even if later fires happen under the most dangerous weather conditions.

Yet even as scientists and public officials increasingly agree on the need for more fires in our forests, climate change is making this tactic more challenging, experts said. “It’s a double-edged sword because wildfires are getting more severe and larger under climate change and we need this work even more, but then the work gets more challenging,” said Susan Prichard, a fire ecologist at the University of Washington.

According to Paragraph 1, Swetnam was surprised by ________.

Paragraph 2 mainly focuses on ________.

What did the study find about the wildfires over the past few decades? ________.

阅读理解

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

For thousands of years, donkeys have been critical for propelling human civilizations forward. They’ve helped pull wheeled vehicles, carry travelers and move goods across the world. But where and when these animals first became intertwined with humans has been a mystery. Now, researchers have used genomes of over 200 donkeys to trace their domestication back to a single event around 7,000 years ago in East Africa – about 3,000 years before humans tamed horses. The team published their findings in the journal Science this month.

“Through their DNA, the animals are telling their history themselves,” co-author Samantha Brooks, an equine researcher at the University of Florida, says in a statement. “We usually only get the human’s side of history through written accounts, but of course written history does not always record exactly how something happened. Looking at these DNA sequences, we get a biological testimony to the environment these animals lived in and the experiences they survived.”

The researchers examined 207 genomes from modern donkeys living in 31 countries across the globe. They also looked at genomes from 15 wild equids and 31 earlier donkeys that lived between about 4,000 and 100 years ago. The team reconstructed the animals’ evolutionary tree and used computer models to pinpoint the domestication event: when herders in Kenya and the Horn of Africa tamed wild asses. They then traced how the animals spread across the rest of the continent into Europe and Asia about 2,500 years later.

Though it’s still unclear why the original domestication happened, Science News’ Freda Kreier reports that the event coincided with the Sahara growing larger and drier. “Donkeys are champions when it comes to carrying stuff and are good at going at Paul Sabin deserts,” co-author Ludovic Orlando, an evolutionary biologist at Paul Sabin University in France, tells the publication. Prehistoric humans may have tamed donkeys’ help navigate the expanding Sahara.

Researchers say these findings could help put donkeys in the spotlight. The animals could benefit from more research: Currently, there are no published genomes from donkeys located south of the Equator in Africa. But understanding where the animals were first domesticated could guide archaeologists to a narrow region to search for insights about the original tamed donkeys.

Not only does human understanding of the equines’ genetic makeup help reveal their contribution to human history, but it also might improve their management in the future, as climate change alters the planet’s environment, write the authors.

What can be learned about donkeys from paragraph 1?

What message is conveyed in Brooks’ statement?

In their study, the researchers investigated how donkeys ______?

As to why the original domestication of donkeys happened, Orlando?

The authors think that their research could help with ____.

Text 2

There’s no business like show business – but in Los Angeles, it feels like there’s no business at all.

If that sounds melodramatic, consider this: The Art Directors Guild, a labor union representing about 3,000 film workers, has suspended a training program and issued a statement explaining that “we cannot in good conscience encourage you to pursue our profession is a reaction to Hollywood’s decline, which is reaching a critical point for the industry and Southern California.

Production has been slipping away from Hollywood since the 1950s, but the effects have never been more apparent than at present. Other regions in the United States, Canada and Europe have steadily increased incentives to attract TV shows and movies, leaving California in the dust. Georgia offers up to 30% in transferable tax credits on film and TV production costs, plus an additional 10% increase on the base tax credit if the project includes a Georgia promotional logo.

Even as California lost a huge volume of production to other locations, there was still plenty of film production taking place in Los Angeles before this year. We were kept afloat by “peak TV”, the glut of content that was required by the explosion of streaming services.

If productions in Southern California dip below a critical level for too long, the industry’s essential talent will drift away along with enormous sums of revenue. Persuading studios to film here would become much more challenging if we couldn’t after a deep bench of local film workers, on-screen talent and local businesses that support the entertainment industry.

That’s why the California Film Commission and its Los Angeles counterpart, Film LA, now should act now, before it’s too late. These agencies and other government bodies should dramatically improve incentives to keep our current shows and attract new productions to Los Angeles. Let’s go on with the show … and make sure the show doesn’t go on without us.

The Art Directors Guild’s statement reveals ________.

The example of Georgia is used to illustrate the efforts to ________.

Peak TV passed its peak as ________.

According to paragraph 6, California’s entertainment industry might face ________.

The author concludes the text by emphasizing that California should strive to ________.

Text 3

The pioneers of wireless saw it as a gift to all the people. Sir John Reith said that it would end “isolation of the spirit” and rejoiced: “It does not matter how many thousand may be listening, there is always enough for others… the genius and the fool, the wealthy and the poor listen simultaneously.”

Between two great wars this technological innovation built a new kind of national consciousness. Opening this week, a book and exhibition curated by Beatty Rubens at the Bodleian in Oxford records how radio changed everyday life from 1922 to 1939. She draws on letters, diaries and fiction, and a 1939 field notebook of verbatim audience research by Winifred Gill.

There’s fun in testimonies of people enjoying the sheer newness. A cartoon mocks a group failing to converse because they’re all in headphones. People report that broad music made workmen whistle new tunes. A woman says there have been fewer street fights since the arrival of the wireless but also less stopping and “talking on the brush handle”.

By and large the wireless was welcome. I loved the man from the Thirties research who found that wireless suddenly offered “a lot of variety … things I thought I’d never be interested in … ice hockey, perhaps”. True: for more than 80 pre-digital years, linear speech broadcasting brought the gift of serendipity, random enlivening of a car journey or dull manual task. In my own book about radio I recorded how, on one drive: “I caught up with the news, learnt some 17th-century history, and was startlingly educated by an unpretentious programme on the history of the stethoscope.”

But radio’s enriching serendipity is ebbing. With multiple networks and countless podcasts, a smartphone user selects what to hear and when. And while it is wonderful to take a walk with anything in your headphones, infinite choice encourages us to shrink into niche interests and sympathetic beliefs.

What can be learnt about wireless from Reith? _______.

What is the theme of the exhibition at the Bodleian in Oxford? ________.

It is indicated in Paragraph 4 that ________.

The expression “talking on the brush handle” in Paragraphs 3 and 6 refers to the act of ________.

In the last paragraph, the author intends to express the opinion that ________.

Text 4

When Tom Swetnam joined the U.S. Forest Service in the 1970s, his mandate was to “put everything out,” he recalled. But when Swetnam enrolled in graduate school at the University of Arizona’s Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, he was surprised to find a record of repeated blazes dating back hundreds of years before European colonists arrived on the continent. Some of the trees he analyzed bore more than 20 fire scars among their rings.

The fact that fires happened so often meant they couldn’t have been severe enough to kill most trees. Instead, a growing body of research showed that frequent, low-severity fires made many ecosystems healthier. They rid the forest of dead and sick trees, reducing competition and curbing the spread of disease. Because flammable material couldn’t build up on the landscape, blazes tended to move slowly and peter out when they reached the footprints of previous burns.

In 2022, Swetnam and other scientists teamed up to compile a database of fire-scarred trees from across the continent. Their North American tree-ring fire-scar network (NAFSN) provided the basis for a study published last month. In the study, the researchers compared the historical fire cadence with the wildfires recorded over the past few decades, and uncovered a striking shortfall. The NAFSN sites experienced less than a quarter of the number of fires that would have been expected without fire suppression.

This deficit is a testament to the effectiveness of modern firefighting, said Kelly Martin, a past president of the International Association of Wildland Fire. “Yet the combined consequences of suppression and climate change have eroded humanity’s ability to suppress fires, particularly those that ignite under the most dangerous weather conditions.

To prevent entire ecosystems from going up in smoke, Martin said, people must bring healthy fire back to places that need it. At Yosemite National Park, Martin oversaw the use of what is known as prescribed burns to make the landscape more “resilient.” These fires were carefully planned and intentionally ignited during periods when weather kept the blazes easy to control, and helped eliminate some of the fuel that had built up around the important park’s facilities. Research shows that these prescribed burns make subsequent wildfires less severe, even if later fires happen under the most dangerous weather conditions.

Yet even as scientists and public officials increasingly agree on the need for more fires in our forests, climate change is making this tactic more challenging, experts said. “It’s a double-edged sword because wildfires are getting more severe and larger under climate change and we need this work even more, but then the work gets more challenging,” said Susan Prichard, a fire ecologist at the University of Washington.

According to Paragraph 1, Swetnam was surprised by ________.

Paragraph 2 mainly focuses on ________.

What did the study find about the wildfires over the past few decades? ________.

What can be inferred about modern firefighting? _______.

阅读理解

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

For thousands of years, donkeys have been critical for propelling human civilizations forward. They’ve helped pull wheeled vehicles, carry travelers and move goods across the world. But where and when these animals first became intertwined with humans has been a mystery. Now, researchers have used genomes of over 200 donkeys to trace their domestication back to a single event around 7,000 years ago in East Africa – about 3,000 years before humans tamed horses. The team published their findings in the journal Science this month.

“Through their DNA, the animals are telling their history themselves,” co-author Samantha Brooks, an equine researcher at the University of Florida, says in a statement. “We usually only get the human’s side of history through written accounts, but of course written history does not always record exactly how something happened. Looking at these DNA sequences, we get a biological testimony to the environment these animals lived in and the experiences they survived.”

The researchers examined 207 genomes from modern donkeys living in 31 countries across the globe. They also looked at genomes from 15 wild equids and 31 earlier donkeys that lived between about 4,000 and 100 years ago. The team reconstructed the animals’ evolutionary tree and used computer models to pinpoint the domestication event: when herders in Kenya and the Horn of Africa tamed wild asses. They then traced how the animals spread across the rest of the continent into Europe and Asia about 2,500 years later.

Though it’s still unclear why the original domestication happened, Science News’ Freda Kreier reports that the event coincided with the Sahara growing larger and drier. “Donkeys are champions when it comes to carrying stuff and are good at going at Paul Sabin deserts,” co-author Ludovic Orlando, an evolutionary biologist at Paul Sabin University in France, tells the publication. Prehistoric humans may have tamed donkeys’ help navigate the expanding Sahara.

Researchers say these findings could help put donkeys in the spotlight. The animals could benefit from more research: Currently, there are no published genomes from donkeys located south of the Equator in Africa. But understanding where the animals were first domesticated could guide archaeologists to a narrow region to search for insights about the original tamed donkeys.

Not only does human understanding of the equines’ genetic makeup help reveal their contribution to human history, but it also might improve their management in the future, as climate change alters the planet’s environment, write the authors.

What can be learned about donkeys from paragraph 1?

What message is conveyed in Brooks’ statement?

In their study, the researchers investigated how donkeys ______?

As to why the original domestication of donkeys happened, Orlando?

The authors think that their research could help with ____.

Text 2

There’s no business like show business – but in Los Angeles, it feels like there’s no business at all.

If that sounds melodramatic, consider this: The Art Directors Guild, a labor union representing about 3,000 film workers, has suspended a training program and issued a statement explaining that “we cannot in good conscience encourage you to pursue our profession is a reaction to Hollywood’s decline, which is reaching a critical point for the industry and Southern California.

Production has been slipping away from Hollywood since the 1950s, but the effects have never been more apparent than at present. Other regions in the United States, Canada and Europe have steadily increased incentives to attract TV shows and movies, leaving California in the dust. Georgia offers up to 30% in transferable tax credits on film and TV production costs, plus an additional 10% increase on the base tax credit if the project includes a Georgia promotional logo.

Even as California lost a huge volume of production to other locations, there was still plenty of film production taking place in Los Angeles before this year. We were kept afloat by “peak TV”, the glut of content that was required by the explosion of streaming services.

If productions in Southern California dip below a critical level for too long, the industry’s essential talent will drift away along with enormous sums of revenue. Persuading studios to film here would become much more challenging if we couldn’t after a deep bench of local film workers, on-screen talent and local businesses that support the entertainment industry.

That’s why the California Film Commission and its Los Angeles counterpart, Film LA, now should act now, before it’s too late. These agencies and other government bodies should dramatically improve incentives to keep our current shows and attract new productions to Los Angeles. Let’s go on with the show … and make sure the show doesn’t go on without us.

The Art Directors Guild’s statement reveals ________.

The example of Georgia is used to illustrate the efforts to ________.

Peak TV passed its peak as ________.

According to paragraph 6, California’s entertainment industry might face ________.

The author concludes the text by emphasizing that California should strive to ________.

Text 3

The pioneers of wireless saw it as a gift to all the people. Sir John Reith said that it would end “isolation of the spirit” and rejoiced: “It does not matter how many thousand may be listening, there is always enough for others… the genius and the fool, the wealthy and the poor listen simultaneously.”

Between two great wars this technological innovation built a new kind of national consciousness. Opening this week, a book and exhibition curated by Beatty Rubens at the Bodleian in Oxford records how radio changed everyday life from 1922 to 1939. She draws on letters, diaries and fiction, and a 1939 field notebook of verbatim audience research by Winifred Gill.

There’s fun in testimonies of people enjoying the sheer newness. A cartoon mocks a group failing to converse because they’re all in headphones. People report that broad music made workmen whistle new tunes. A woman says there have been fewer street fights since the arrival of the wireless but also less stopping and “talking on the brush handle”.

By and large the wireless was welcome. I loved the man from the Thirties research who found that wireless suddenly offered “a lot of variety … things I thought I’d never be interested in … ice hockey, perhaps”. True: for more than 80 pre-digital years, linear speech broadcasting brought the gift of serendipity, random enlivening of a car journey or dull manual task. In my own book about radio I recorded how, on one drive: “I caught up with the news, learnt some 17th-century history, and was startlingly educated by an unpretentious programme on the history of the stethoscope.”

But radio’s enriching serendipity is ebbing. With multiple networks and countless podcasts, a smartphone user selects what to hear and when. And while it is wonderful to take a walk with anything in your headphones, infinite choice encourages us to shrink into niche interests and sympathetic beliefs.

What can be learnt about wireless from Reith? _______.

What is the theme of the exhibition at the Bodleian in Oxford? ________.

It is indicated in Paragraph 4 that ________.

The expression “talking on the brush handle” in Paragraphs 3 and 6 refers to the act of ________.

In the last paragraph, the author intends to express the opinion that ________.

Text 4

When Tom Swetnam joined the U.S. Forest Service in the 1970s, his mandate was to “put everything out,” he recalled. But when Swetnam enrolled in graduate school at the University of Arizona’s Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, he was surprised to find a record of repeated blazes dating back hundreds of years before European colonists arrived on the continent. Some of the trees he analyzed bore more than 20 fire scars among their rings.

The fact that fires happened so often meant they couldn’t have been severe enough to kill most trees. Instead, a growing body of research showed that frequent, low-severity fires made many ecosystems healthier. They rid the forest of dead and sick trees, reducing competition and curbing the spread of disease. Because flammable material couldn’t build up on the landscape, blazes tended to move slowly and peter out when they reached the footprints of previous burns.

In 2022, Swetnam and other scientists teamed up to compile a database of fire-scarred trees from across the continent. Their North American tree-ring fire-scar network (NAFSN) provided the basis for a study published last month. In the study, the researchers compared the historical fire cadence with the wildfires recorded over the past few decades, and uncovered a striking shortfall. The NAFSN sites experienced less than a quarter of the number of fires that would have been expected without fire suppression.

This deficit is a testament to the effectiveness of modern firefighting, said Kelly Martin, a past president of the International Association of Wildland Fire. “Yet the combined consequences of suppression and climate change have eroded humanity’s ability to suppress fires, particularly those that ignite under the most dangerous weather conditions.

To prevent entire ecosystems from going up in smoke, Martin said, people must bring healthy fire back to places that need it. At Yosemite National Park, Martin oversaw the use of what is known as prescribed burns to make the landscape more “resilient.” These fires were carefully planned and intentionally ignited during periods when weather kept the blazes easy to control, and helped eliminate some of the fuel that had built up around the important park’s facilities. Research shows that these prescribed burns make subsequent wildfires less severe, even if later fires happen under the most dangerous weather conditions.

Yet even as scientists and public officials increasingly agree on the need for more fires in our forests, climate change is making this tactic more challenging, experts said. “It’s a double-edged sword because wildfires are getting more severe and larger under climate change and we need this work even more, but then the work gets more challenging,” said Susan Prichard, a fire ecologist at the University of Washington.

According to Paragraph 1, Swetnam was surprised by ________.

Paragraph 2 mainly focuses on ________.

What did the study find about the wildfires over the past few decades? ________.

What can be inferred about modern firefighting? _______.

Both Martin and Prichard would agree that ________.